Prevention of anaesthesia and infection

Prevention of anaesthesia and infection is an important part of ensuring the safety and health of patients during surgery and anaesthesia. Infection is one of the common complications after the operation and can have a serious impact on the recovery and preparation of patients. Effective preventive measures are therefore essential. The following are some of the key aspects of anaesthesia and infection prevention:1. Pre-operative preparedness and assessmentPre-operative preparedness is the first step in the prevention of infection. Anaesthetists and surgeons need to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the patient, including:- Collection of medical records: knowledge of patients ‘ underlying diseases, allergies, past surgical history, etc.- Medical examination: an assessment of the overall state of the patient, particularly in areas at high risk of infection (e.g. skin, respiratory tract, etc.).- The necessary examinations: blood protocol, visual tests, etc., to determine if the patient is at risk of infection.2. Application of sterile technologyIn the course of surgery and anaesthesia, the application of sterile technology is a key measure to prevent infection. These include:- Pre-operative sterilisation: thorough cleaning and disinfection of surgical areas and skin preparation with appropriate disinfectants (e.g., iodine volts, alcohol), especially in the mouth.- Non-bacterial surgical devices: ensure that all surgical devices and consumables are sterilized and avoid cross-infection.- In vitro operation by the surgical team: the team should wear sterile clothes, gloves and masks to avoid introducing bacteria into the operation.3. Choice and use of narcotic drugsThe choice of appropriate narcotic drugs and technologies also reduces the risk of infection to some extent. The following should be considered:- Local and regional anesthesia: where appropriate, priority is given to local anesthesia or regional anaesthesia, reducing the risk of a general anesthesia.- Use of antibiotics: In high-risk operations, appropriate pre-operative use of preventive antibiotics is made to reduce the incidence of post-operative infections.4. Operational monitoringIn the course of anaesthesia, it is important to continuously monitor the vital signs of the patient. This includes:- Cardiac monitoring: timely detection of heart problems and avoidance of risk of infection due to heart complications.- Blood pressure and blood oxygen monitoring: Keep blood pressure and blood oxygen saturation within normal limits to prevent oxygen deficiency and low blood pressure.Post-operative guardianshipPost-operative guardianship is an important part of reducing the risk of infection, including by:- Observation of wounds: periodic examination of signs of infection such as red and oscillation, and timely treatment.- Maintenance of good air flow: ensure that the patient has an open post-operative respiratory tract to prevent lung infections.6. Patient education and support It is also important to educate patients about pre-operatives and to raise their awareness and focus on infection prevention. Specific measures include:- Pre-operative guidance: explain to the patient the course of surgery and anaesthesia, inform the patient about post-operative care, and promote awareness of the patient ‘ s cooperation.- Psychological support: reduce the stress of patients and reduce the impact of post-operative stress on the immune system.7. Multidisciplinary collaboration Prevention of anaesthesia and infection requires close cooperation between multidisciplinary teams such as anaesthetists, surgeons and nursing staff. Teams should work together to develop and follow standard operating procedures for infection prevention to ensure that all links meet sterile operational requirements.Post-operative rehabilitation and follow-upPost-operative rehabilitation and follow-up are also important to prevent the recurrence of infection. Patients should be followed up on a regular basis to monitor their recovery and, if necessary, intervene for treatment.- Early activities: to encourage patients to get out of bed as soon as possible after the operation, to promote blood circulation and to reduce the risk of deep-infective thrombosis and lung infections.- Nutritional support: provide appropriate nutritional support, increase the immune capacity of patients and help them recover faster.Concluding remarks Prevention of anaesthesia and infection is a complex and important process requiring integrated management in a wide range of areas, including pre-operative assessment, sterile operations, drug selection, surgical monitoring, post-operative care and patient education. By means of scientifically sound preventive measures, it is possible to effectively reduce the incidence of post-operative infections and to improve the safety of patients and the quality of post-operative recovery. The anesthesiologist plays a key role throughout the process in ensuring that the patient completes the operation in a safe and comfortable state.