Principles for the rational use of anti-bacterial drugs: a critical defence for health

In the area of modern medicine, antibacterial drugs are a powerful weapon against bacterial infections. However, with its widespread application, irrational use has become more pronounced, such as increased bacterial resistance as a result of abuse, which has reduced the efficacy of many otherwise effective antibacterial drugs and even the presence of difficult infections caused by multiple drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, strict adherence to the principle of reasonable use of anti-bacterial drugs is essential.Clear drug indications are the cornerstone of the rational use of anti-bacterial drugs. Antibacterial drugs apply only to infectious diseases caused by sensitive bacteria such as bacteria, phyllogens and chlamydia, and are not effective for viral infections such as common flu and influenza. Doctors are required to determine the existence of bacterial infections on the basis of the patient ‘ s symptoms, signs, laboratory tests and pathological results, and to avoid blind use of medicines. For example, for patients with simple heat, cough and no evidence of bacterial infection, antibacterial drugs should not be easily activated, but should be checked for possible or awaiting further examination.Precise choice of antibacterial drug types is key. This requires doctors to have full knowledge of the antibacterial spectrum of various types of antibacterial drugs, their pharmacological dynamics, adverse reactions, and to take into account the severity of the patient ‘ s condition, the area of infection, the possible type of pathogens and the individual circumstances of the patient (e.g. age, liver and kidney function, allergy history, etc.). For example, in the treatment of community access to pneumocitis, common pathogens are pneumocococococcus, trigenes, etc., for patients with non-basic diseases in their prime age; for patients with basic diseases in old age, additional pathogens may need to be considered, such as the joint use of β-neamide and GHP. Doctors should also pay attention to the monitoring data on bacterial resistance in the region and in the hospital, giving priority to the use of sensitive antibacterial drugs in order to enhance the effectiveness of treatment.A reasonable determination of the dose, route and course of treatment cannot be ignored. The dose should be based on the medical instructions and adjusted to the specific circumstances of the patient to ensure that the drug reaches effective fungicide concentrations in the infected area without causing serious adverse effects. For example, in cases of kidney insufficiency, the dose is adjusted to the acetic anhydride removal rate when using renal excretion antibacterial drugs. The choice of the path to the drug depends on the nature of the emergency and the drug, the oral delivery of light-infection infections, and the use of IVD for rapid control of the condition, which is then converted to the oral sequence. Antibacterial drug treatment is equally critical, usually three to four days after normal body temperature and symptoms have receded, or after two consecutive bacterial negatives, with special infections such as tuberculosis subject to longer treatment protocols to prevent relapse and bacterial resistance.Focus on the rationality of joint use. The joint use of antibacterial drugs is intended to enhance efficacy, expand antibacterial spectrum, reduce toxicity or delay resistance. Not all infections, however, require a combination of drugs, only to be taken into account in specific situations, such as serious infections unknown to pathogens, mixed infections beyond the control of a single antibacterial drug or multi-drug-resistant infections. The joint drug programme should be carefully designed on the basis of pathogen strains and drug-sensitivity results, such as the use of penicillin and amino sugar in the treatment of intestinal membrane. Joint drug use also requires close monitoring of drug interactions and adverse reactions to ensure safe use.Improved monitoring and management of the use of antibacterial drugs, as well as awareness-raising for patients and the general public, are also important components in ensuring their rational use. During the use of the drug, changes in the patient ‘ s condition, the improvement of symptoms and the dynamics of laboratory indicators should be closely observed, the treatment effects of anti-bacterial drugs should be assessed in a timely manner and the treatment programme should be adjusted as soon as ineffective or adverse effects are detected. At the same time, medical institutions should put in place a sound system for the management of the use of antibacterial drugs, strengthen the review and evaluation of prescriptions, regulate the behaviour of doctors and prevent the abuse of antibacterial drugs. For patients and the general public, awareness-raising campaigns on the rational use of antibacterial drugs should be conducted through a variety of channels to increase their correct knowledge of bacterial infections and the use of antibacterial drugs, to inform them of the dangers of the random use of antibacterial drugs, such as causing disorders in their own population, increasing the risk of bacterial resistance and possibly delaying diagnosis, to guide patients to the rational use of antibacterial drugs, under the guidance of doctors, and to avoid the self-purchase and use of antibacterial drugs.The rational use of antibacterial drugs is an important task of medical work, relating to the improvement of medical quality, control of bacterial resistance and public health protection. It is essential that medical personnel comply with the above principles and use anti-bacterial drugs in a scientific, rigorous and responsible manner to maximize their effectiveness in medical treatment and to establish solid lines of defence for the protection of human health.