Proteomics

Stomach cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates making it a major public health challenge. The development of proteomics has provided new tools and methods for the study of stomach cancer, and has contributed to an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms for the onset of stomach cancer, the discovery of diagnostic markers, the screening of therapeutic targets and pre-assessment. The article will explore in depth the use of proteomics in stomach cancer research.I. Technical description of proteomicsProteomics, as a sub-area of systematic biology, focuses on exploring the construction, structure, function and interaction of all proteins in cells, tissues or organisms. Proteomic techniques include the following:v2D gel Electromium (2DPAGE): High resolution separation of proteins through electro-focus and two-step separation of SDSPAGE.The v mass spectrometry (ms) is used mainly for the identification and quantification of proteins, which includes a variety of methods such as lc ms / ms, maldi tof tof.vProtein chip technology: high flux detection of specific proteins by antibodies or formulations fixed to the chip.v The analysis of protein interactions can be carried out by means of yeast-breathing systems, immune co-sedition (CoIP), fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), etc., to reveal the network of interactions between proteins.II. Application of proteomics in stomach cancer studies1. Study of the morbidity mechanismProteomics can help researchers to detect key proteins and signal pathways in the development of stomach cancer. By comparing normal stomach tissues and the protein expression spectrum of the stomach cancer tissue, it is possible to identify the proteins expressed differently, thus revealing the molecular mechanisms of stomach cancer.v Discrepancies in Protein Validation: Through 2DPAGE and mass spectrometry techniques, researchers have identified a number of proteins expressed in differences in stomach cancer, such as cytologically regulated proteins, protein related to death, cell skeleton proteins, etc.The analysis of the v signal route: Proteomic techniques can be used to study key signal circuits in stomach cancer, such as PI3K/Akt, Ras/MAPK, Wnt/betatenin, etc. Analysis of the key proteins on these routes provides a better understanding of the mechanisms for the onset of stomach cancer.2. Discovery of diagnostic markersEarly diagnosis is key to improving the survival of people with stomach cancer. Proteomics can help researchers to discover new biomarkers for early detection and screening of stomach cancer.Validation of v seromarks: Seromarks of a particular nature can be found by analysing the seroprotein group of stomach cancer patients and the health control group. For example, researchers have identified a number of potential seromarks, such as CA724, CEA, PG I/II.v Organization markings: signs of tissue specificity can be found by analysing stomach cancer tissues and normal stomach tissue protein groups. These markers can be used for pathological diagnosis and stagening of stomach cancer.3. Screening of therapeutic targetsProteomics can help researchers to identify new treatment targets and provide clues for the development of new drugs.V-target screening of drugs: Potential drug targets can be identified by analysing protein expression in stomach cancer cell lines or in patient samples. For example, EGFR, Her2 receptors are highly expressed in some stomach cancers and have become important targets for target treatment.V. Research on drug resistance: Proteomics can be used to study the resistance of stomach cancer cells to drugs and to identify new protein-related resistance. These proteins can serve as new targets for reversible resistance.4. Pre- and post-assessmentProteomics can help researchers to detect biomarkers associated with the post-temperature of stomach cancer and provide a basis for individualized treatment of patients.Validation of v prognostic markers: The analysis of proteomic group data for stomach cancer patients leads to the detection of prognostic markers. For example, researchers have identified proteins associated with post-temperature stomach cancer, such as Ki67, p. 53 and Survivin.(v) Establishment of a prognostic model: by integrating proteomic and other clinical data, it is possible to establish a prognosis model for stomach cancer patients. These models can be used to guide individualized treatment and management of patients.III. Challenges of proteomics in stomach cancer researchAlthough proteomics have made significant progress in stomach cancer studies, some challenges remain:v Technical bottlenecks: The sensitivity and resolution of proteomics still need to be further improved to detect low abundance proteins and decorator proteins.v Data processing and analysis: Proteomic data are large and require efficient bioinformatics tools and algorithms for processing and analysis.v Standardization issues: differences in experimental conditions and data analysis methods between laboratories affect data comparability and duplication.The process of transforming v into a clinical application requires a comprehensive synergy and a large number of clinical tests, from basic research to operational.IV. Outlook for the futureAs the proteomics technology progresses and applies, new opportunities will arise for stomach cancer research. Priority directions for the future include:A full-scale study of stomach cancer is carried out through the integration of genomics, transgenics and metabolics.Personalized medical care: precision diagnosis and individualization of stomach cancer patients through proteomic techniques.New drug development: development of new medications and treatment strategies based on treatment targets found in protein fusion.Early screening: Early screening and prevention of stomach cancer through the discovery of new biomarkers.Concluding remarksProteomic techniques play a key role in stomach cancer research. From exploring the mechanisms for the occurrence of diseases to identifying diagnostic indicators, to selecting treatment targets and evaluating prognosis, these provide new ideas and tools for the prevention and treatment of stomach cancer. Despite some challenges, as technology progresses and multidisciplinary cooperation strengthens, proteomics will play a greater role in stomach cancer research, providing better treatment and quality of life for patients. It is hoped that the introduction of this article will provide readers with a deeper understanding of the use of proteomics in stomach cancer research and provide useful references for researchers in this field.