“Regarding Third Negative Breast Cancer.”
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in women around the world, and triple-negative breast cancer is a particular type of cancer that is increasingly receiving attention because of its unique biological characteristics and poor prognosis. Awareness of the importance of triple-negative breast cancer for patients, their families and health workers. ii. What is a triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a female hormone receptor (ER), a pregnancy hormone receptor (PR) and a human skin growth factor receptor -2 (HER-2), which is a negative expression of breast cancer. These three receptors have an important place in the development, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer, and the lack of expression of these common target-related receptors makes it very different from other types of breast cancer. III. Factors contributing to the incidence of triple-negative breast cancer: (i) Genetic factors. The mutations of specific genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 are closely related to triple-negative breast cancer. The risk of triple-negative breast cancer among women carrying the BRCA1 gene mutation has increased significantly and is often younger. In addition, other genetic anomalies such as TP53 may be involved in the onset of triple-negative breast cancer. (ii) Lifestyle-related factors. Poor living habits, such as long-term high consumption of alcohol, high-fat, high-calorie diets, and lack of exercise, may increase the risk of triple-negative breast cancer. Long-term drinking can affect the levels of hormonals in the body, with high fat and high-heat diets leading to obesity, which is a risk factor for breast cancer, and which can cause cancer in breast cells through complex mechanisms. In addition, chronic stress can increase the likelihood of cancer through immune and endocrine systems that affect the body. IV. Clinical manifestations of triple-negative breast cancer (i) breast swelling. Breast swelling is the most common symptom of triple-negative breast cancer, mostly painless. The puddles are hard, borders are often less clear and activities are relatively low. The swelling may occur in any part of the breast, mostly with single hair, but there are also a small number of patients with multiple swelling. At the time of the examination, the patient is able to feel the hard end of the breast, and the swelling may increase as the condition progresses. (ii) Leaching of nipples. Some patients may have a lot of fluids, which are diverse in nature and can be blood, plasma or water samples. Erosion may be spontaneous or occur when the nipple is squeezed. The potential for breast cancer requires a high level of vigilance in the event of a milk spill, especially blood spill. (iii) Breast skin changes can cause changes in breast skin as the tumor develops. When tumours violate breast dyslexia, they can lead to a reduction of the dyslexia, to the skin of the corresponding part of the skin, and to a “dimple of wine”. If cancer cells block lymphocyte tubes, they cause breast skin oedema, while the skin of the pelvis is closely bound to the subcutaneous tissue and the oedema is not visible, a change in the “Orange skin” pattern occurs. (iv) nipple and tizziness changes. If the tumor is at the bottom of the nipples, the nipples can be held in toddled. In addition, changes in the skin of the larvae, such as itching, crumbs and rot, which are known as nipple Paget disease, are a particular manifestation of breast cancer. (v) The lymphoma lymphoma of armpit lymphoma is prone to lymphoma transfer, and some patients can experience lymphoma at an early stage. Large lymphocytes are rigid and can be combined individually or more, with less activity. As the disease progresses, lymphoma knots may increase, oppressing the surrounding tissue and causing symptoms such as upper limb oedema. Diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancer At the same time, breast nipples, tizziness and breast skins are checked for abnormal changes, or for orange skin changes, or for alcohol. 1. Breast ultrasound: The form, size, internal echoes, etc. of mammograms can be clearly shown and are of significant value in determining whether they are real or cysts. At the same time, the lymphoma of the armpit can be observed. Ultrasound examination has the advantage of being ingenuity, convenient and relatively low price, and is a common method of mammography. Breast molybdenum target: high sensitivity to the discovery of small calcified stoves. Third-negative breast cancer can sometimes be accompanied by calcification, and mammograms can help to detect these early pathologies. However, mammoth targets have some limitations on the examination of the amplified breast. 3. Magnetic resonance of breast (MRI): A high soft tissue resolution that shows more accurately the size, extent and relationship to the surrounding tissue. The diagnosis of multi-crotomic, multi-centre STDs is of high value and helps to assess tumour aggression against surrounding tissues such as chest walls and muscles. However, MRI is expensive, has a long time and has certain restrictions on patients with metal implants. (iii) Pathological examinations In order to determine whether he/she is a triple-negative breast cancer, he/she is presented in the form of a sturgeon or a surgical hysterectomy, followed by a pathological examination, which includes regular somber-he/she chromosome cytology, as well as estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen receptor (PR) and human skin growth factor -2 (HER-2). In addition, genetic tests can be conducted to improve understanding of the molecular characteristics of tumours and to provide a basis for subsequent treatment. 1. Breast cancer root management: including the removal of whole breasts, chest muscles, pectrobes and lymphomy. This procedure is applied to late triple-negative breast cancer, but it is being gradually reduced because of the trauma of the operation and its greater impact on the physical appearance and functioning of the patient. Breast cancer improvement root therapy: mammography and armpit lymphomy, but pectrobicular and pectrocular muscles. This is a more clinically used method of surgery, which reduces the effect on upper limb function while ensuring tumour removal. Breast-puffing: Breast-puffing may be considered for early three-negative breast cancer if the tumor is small and the breast has sufficient size. Breast-pulsion operations need to be accompanied by tumour removal, which is to be performed in conjunction with after-surgery treatment. chemotherapy is an important means of treating triple-negative breast cancer. chemotherapy is even more prominent because of the lack of endocrinological treatment and target-oriented targets for triple-negative breast cancer. Commonly used chemotherapy drugs include cystalcin (e.g., acinin, piccin), vixas (e.g., vixas, Dositas). The chemotherapy programme can be selected on the basis of the patient ‘ s condition, state of his/her body, etc. Newly assisted chemotherapy can reduce tumours before surgery and increase the chances of surgical removal, while at the same time understanding the sensitivity of tumours to chemotherapy drugs; complementary chemotherapy is used to reduce the risk of relapse after surgery. Treatment also plays an important role in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. In the case of patients who have undergone breast-feeding, local relapse rates can be reduced. Post-operative treatment also helps to control local conditions for patients with higher local risk of relapse, such as greater lymphoma transfer or tumor size. In addition, in some cases of late-stage patients, medical treatment can be used to relieve local symptoms such as bone transfer pain. (iv) Target treatment. Although there is a lack of common target targets such as Her-2 for triple-negative breast cancer, there has been some progress in recent years in research on target-oriented treatment for other targets. For example, the polyplastic diphosphate nucleosynthesis (PARP) inhibitor has had some effect in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer associated with a genetic mutation of BRCA1/2. In addition, some of the targeted drugs for targets such as hormonal receptor, skin growth factor and receptor (EGFR) are also in clinical trials and are expected to provide new options for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Immunization treatment is an emerging area for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncological cells are identified and attacked by activation of the patient ‘ s own immune system. Some immunosuppressants, such as procedural death receptors 1 (PD-1) and their formulations (PD-L1), have shown some efficacy in clinical trials of triple-negative breast cancer, especially in cases of late-stage patients, which can be prolonged. VII. Postpregnosis of triple-negative breast cancer is generally worse than for other types of breast cancer. This is mainly due to the relatively high risk of relapse and diversion due to the lack of effective endocrine treatment and target-oriented treatment. In general, factors such as tumour size, lymph node transfer and pathological classification affect the prognosis. The larger the tumour, the more lymph nodes transfer, the higher the pathology grade, the worse the prognosis. However, with the emergence of new treatments, such as targeting and immunotherapy, the prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer is expected to improve. Rehabilitation and follow-up of triple-negative breast cancer A gradual exercise of upper limb function, such as handshakes, elbows, stretches, etc., should be carried out under the direction of a doctor to promote upper limb blood circulation and restore upper limb function. 2. Psychological rehabilitation: The process of diagnosis and treatment of triple-negative breast cancer has a significant impact on the patient ‘ s psychological well-being, which can result in anxiety, depression, etc. Family members and health-care providers should give care and support and, if necessary, seek the help of a psychologist to help the patient build confidence in overcoming the disease. (ii) Follow-up visits for patients with three-negative breast cancers require regular follow-up after treatment. Follow-up visits include medical examinations, breast ultrasound, chest CT, bone scans, etc. to monitor recurrence and transfer. It is usually followed up every 3 – 6 months for the first 2 – 3 years after treatment, after which the period of follow-up may be extended appropriately. If the patient has new symptoms, such as bone pain, respiratory difficulties, etc., he should be examined in a timely manner. The three-negative breast cancer is a challenging type of breast cancer, but some progress has been made in terms of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation as medical research continues. For patients and their families, knowledge of triple-negative breast cancer can be better combined with treatment and improved quality of life. For health workers, the continuous exploration of new treatment methods and the improvement of the level of treatment are key to improving the prognosis of patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
