Brain infarction, like a sudden “brainstorm”, disrupts a patient’s already orderly pace of life and inflicts great physical and psychological trauma. However, rehabilitation training, like the same light of hope, penetrates the shadows, helps the patient to gradually recover his function and regain his life’s confidence. Below is a description of the rehabilitation training methods after brain infarction.
I. Early recovery: seizing the golden moment
Rehabilitation of persons with brain infarction can begin 48 hours after life signs have stabilized and neurons have ceased to progress, and early rehabilitation can contribute significantly to the re-establishment of neurological function. For example, simple body placement and joint activity training on the bed prevents muscle atrophy and joint atrophy. Patients may, with the assistance of their families, place paralysing limbs in functional positions, such as a small spread of shoulder joints, a small graft of knee joints, and, at the same time, carry out passive movements such as upper-handing, stretching, lower-legged leg lifts, ankle backsliding, which repeats 5 – 10 times each, 2 – 3 groups per day. This seemingly modest effort can provide a solid basis for subsequent rehabilitation.
II. Physical rehabilitation: gradual progress, stimulating potential
1. Training in bed: this is the beginning of a patient ‘ s own activities. The patient’s hands were crossed, his side thumbs were put on top, his side was stretched up with a limb on his side, he moved his body to the side, and his legs were kneed, and he was able to reverse his movement with his body inertia. The gradual transition from one side to the other allows for a flexible turn-over, which is practiced three to five times a day for 5 to 10 minutes at a time, enhancing body control.
2. Stand-by-balanced training: When a patient has a certain body strength, he or she can begin to do so. Start with half-beds (30° – 45° up), gradually increasing the angle until it is able to sit by the bed. After that, a shift of emphasis under the seat may be carried out, such as movement of the body ‘ s centre of gravity around the right, back and back, reaching out for items in different directions, for 10 – 15 minutes per training, 2 – 3 times per day, to enhance balance and coordination.
3. Standing and walking training: stand-by training with assistive devices (e.g., parallel bars, walkers) after being balanced and stable. The transition from a stand on both legs to a stand on a one-leg turn-on and a gradual extension of standing time. Walking training follows the sequence of enabling walking – independent walking – walking across barriers, walking on the flat ground, then trying different roads and environments, while taking care to correct processions, such as cycling. Trained 2 – 3 times a day for 15 – 30 minutes each to gradually resume walking and move on to a new journey to freedom of movement.
III. LANGUAGE REHABILITATION: Patience guidance and re-enactment
1. Pronunciation organ training: In the case of patients with pronunciation impairments, the exercise of pronunciation organs begins. Each action is repeated 5 – 10 times a day in 3 – 4 groups to enhance the flexibility and compatibility of pronunciation organs, such as mouths, mouths, tongues, tongues, mouths licking the upper and lower lips and right and right lips, and drumming.
Voice training: from a simple vowel, acoustic pronunciation, e.g., “a” “o” “e” “b” “p” “m”, a gradual transition to monosynthetics, bisynthetics, polysynthetics, and the expression of simple sentences. In the course of the training, the family or the rehabilitation worker is to listen with patience, to give the right demonstration and guidance and to encourage the patient to speak and communicate. Supporting tools such as graphics and in-kinds can be used to increase the taste and visuality of the training, to train 30 – 60 minutes per day, to sustain and gradually restore language expression and communication.
Cognitive rehabilitation: multi-stimulation, awakening thinking
1. Attention training: Attention training through video tracking, hearing recognition, etc. If the patient is able to follow and follow the target (e.g., the ball, the light) or listen to a series of numbers, letters, etc., the training takes 10 – 15 minutes, 2 – 3 times a day, to increase the focus and stability.
2. Memory training: Helping patients to improve their memory by means of synthesizing memory, image memory, etc. For example, it allows the patient to remember a set of articles and then to reminisce them by reminiscent of their characteristics, their use, etc., or to display a picture that allows the patient to remember the details of the picture over time. It also provides targeted memory training with the help of tools such as memory cards, mobile phone applications and 20 – 30 minutes per day to enhance memory over time.
3. Training in mentalities: development of puzzles, chess, logic, etc., and exercise of the mental abilities of patients. Simple digital sequencing, graphic combination puzzles, chess matchmaking, etc., from easy to difficult, step-by-step, stimulating the patient ‘ s mental activity and logical thinking, with training of 30 – 60 minutes each, 3 – 5 times a week, to promote full cognitive recovery.
V. Psychological rehabilitation: care and support, rebuilding confidence
People with cerebral infarction are often caught up in anxiety, depression, etc. due to physical dysfunction. The care of family and friends is essential. Increased communication with patients to encourage them to express their feelings and give them full understanding and support. The organization of rehabilitation group activities for the benefit of the patient, the sharing of experience and experience in rehabilitation and the promotion of a sense of belonging and self-identification. At the same time, depending on the patient ‘ s psychological situation, the help of a professional psychologist or doctor can be sought for psychological guidance and intervention, such as cognitive behaviour therapy, relaxation of training, etc., to help the patient develop a positive and optimistic attitude and face the rehabilitation challenge.
Rehabilitation training after brain infarction is a long and arduous journey, but with the firm conviction of the patient, the full support of the family, the adherence to scientific methods of rehabilitation and the persistence of the training, it must be possible to move steadily on the path to recovery, to recreate the body and body, to return to normal life and to embrace the good of tomorrow once again.
