Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious intestinal disease, mainly in premature and low birth weights. The causes of NEC ‘ s morbidity are complex and involve multiple risk factors, but their incidence can be significantly reduced through reasonable preventive measures. NEC risk factors and prevention strategies are described in detail in this paper.
1. The occurrence of risk factors NEC is usually the result of a combination of factors, including, inter alia, the following: According to studies, the incidence of NEC is inversely proportional to the age of the child at birth, and the incidence of NEC is higher when the child is younger. 2. Infection: Infection of the intestinal tract by pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, causing inflammation and damage to the intestinal mucous membranes. Common pathogens include coli, rotavirus, etc. The infection not only directly harms the intestinal tract, but may also further exacerbate the occurrence of the NEC by affecting the intestinal community balance. 3. Intestinal ischaemic oxygen: neonatal asphyxia, shock, etc., leading to intestine blood deficiency and intestinal damage. Intestinal ischaemic oxygen is one of the important mechanisms for the occurrence of the NEC. 4. Inadequate feeding: The risk of NEC ‘ s occurrence can be increased by early milking, excessive increase in the number of milk, high osmosis, etc. The intestinal function of a premature child is weak, requiring gradual adaptation to feeding, and inappropriate feeding can increase the intestinal burden. 5. intestinal fungus disorders: inadequate establishment of normal strains, excessive growth of harmful bacteria and destruction of intestinal barriers. The balance of intestinal strains is essential for the maintenance of intestinal health, and dysfunctional intestinal strains can trigger the NEC. Other factors: Diseases such as congenital heart disease and erythrocyte amplification can also increase the incidence of NEC. In addition, the large-dose application of antibacterial drugs can have an impact on intestinal strains and increase the risk of NEC.
1. Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding is the best option against the NEC. Breast milk contains a wealth of antibodies and nutrients that enhance the immune system and intestinal health of infants. If breast milk is not available, the processed formula may be chosen, with attention to feeding and permeation pressure. Progressive feeding: The intestinal function of a premature child is weak and needs to be gradually adapted to feeding. Doctors develop appropriate feeding schemes for infants and gradually increase the number and frequency of feeding to ensure that the intestinal tract is adapted to the digestion and absorption of food. 3. Avoiding over-feeding: Over-feeding may lead to an overburdening of the intestinal tract and increase the risk of NEC. The doctor determines the appropriate level of feeding based on the weight and development of the baby. 4. Maintenance of intestinal health: The preservation of intestinal health is essential to the prevention of the NEC. Benevable bacteria or life-saving dollars can be used to promote the balance and health of intestinal strains. Prevention of infection: Active prevention of neonatal infections and avoidance of intestinal damage to pathogens. Watch out for hand hygiene and avoid in-house cross-infection. 6. Regulating blood transfusions: Some premature babies may require blood transfusions, and blood transfusion programmes and processes should be regulated to reduce intestinal damage caused by blood transfusions. 7. Close monitoring: Parents and health-care providers should pay close attention to infant feeding, defecation habits and general behaviour and report promptly any anomalies. Early detection of NEC symptoms is important to provide timely treatment and reduce the risk of complications. In conclusion, NEC is a serious intestinal disease, but its incidence can be significantly reduced through reasonable preventive measures. Parents and health-care providers should pay close attention to the health status of newborns, adopt scientific feeding, maintain intestinal health and prevent infection in order to minimize the risk of NEC. NEC infants need to be closely monitored and provided with comprehensive medical care and home care to minimize the risk of complications.
