Screening and diagnosis of breast cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in women, and early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for patient treatment and prognosis. The following are relevant to breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Self-censorship is an important part of early detection of breast abnormalities. Women are required to undergo breast self-examination on 7 – 10 days per month after menstruation. The examination is conducted by standing in front of a mirror and looking at the appearance of the breast, whether there are abnormal manifestations such as a nipple trap, an orange-skin change in the breast skin, red swollen, or a winecap. Then he lays down on the bed, touching his breasts with his fingertips in the direction of a clockwise or a counterclockwise, including the areas of irradiation, nipples and armpits, and checking for swelling, the size of the swelling, the mass (soft or hard), the clarity of the boundary and the degree of activity. If any anomalies are detected, timely medical treatment should be provided. (ii) Clinical breast examinations. Breast examinations are conducted by doctors through visits and visits. The visits mainly observe breast size, shape, symmetry and whether the skin has changed. The contact is more directly felt in the breast, with the mass, position and activity of the swelling, as well as the swollen lymphomy of the armpit, the collarbone and the lower collarbone. Clinical breast examinations reveal anomalies that patients themselves may have overlooked, but their accuracy depends on the experience of doctors. (iii) Video-inspection • Breast ultrasound: it uses the reflection principle of ultrasound to create mammograms. Ultrasound screening is highly accurate in determining whether the swelling is cystic or real, especially for young women, women during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and women with more dense breast tissues. It can also observe lymph knots in armpits and operate in a simple, inert and non-irradiated manner. Mammoth targeting: This is a low-dose X-line screening method that is very sensitive to microcalcified stoves in the breast. The calcium stoves may be one of the early manifestations of breast cancer, and a molybdenum target examination may reveal a number of hidden breast cancers that cannot be detected by clinical and ultrasound examination, which is of higher diagnostic value for older women, but may have a relatively poor effect on the incisive mammography tissue and may be subject to some degree of breast pressure during the examination. • Magnetic resonance of the mammography (MRI): MRI has a high soft tissue resolution and is able to show more clearly the structure of the mammary tissue, which has a significant advantage for multi-feasibility, multi-centre STDs and the detection of side mammograms. However, MRI is expensive, long and may not be suitable for patients with metal implants, generally not used as a regular means of screening, often for the assessment of high-risk groups or for determining the extent of the disease prior to the operation. II. The method of identification requires a pathological examination when a suspicious development of the breast is detected. Pathological examinations are the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of breast cancer. The main pathological methods include: The corrosive stinger test allows for more tissues, better tissue diagnostics and information on the type, classification, etc. of the tumor. • Excavation: for minor suspicious swelling, a pathological examination can be performed on the entire swelling. This method allows for complete pathological tissue, but it is in the form of an original examination and may leave a scar on the breast. Through comprehensive screening and accurate diagnosis, a solid basis has been provided for the development of follow-up treatment programmes for breast cancer patients, thus improving the patient ‘ s healing rate and quality of survival.
Breast cancer
