Lung cancer is one of the major diseases threatening human health. Early screening and the identification of high-risk factors are essential to increase the rate of cure and to prolong survival.
I. Screening methods for lung cancer
The methods of screening for lung cancer include, inter alia, visual examinations, laboratory examinations and endoscopy. The technique of low-dose CT scans, which are commonly used for visual examinations, allows for early detection of pulmonary knots of less than 5 mm, which is now globally recognized as the preferred option for lung cancer screening. Laboratory examinations assist in the identification of lung cancer by detecting tumor markers in samples such as blood, glucose, etc., such as the cancer embryo antigens (CEA) and cytone protein fraction 21-1 (CYFRA21-1). The endoscopy includes bronchoscopy and ultrasound within the electronic bronchial, which allow direct observation of the internal wall condition of the bronchial and bronchial, and a pathological analysis of tissue samples obtained through a live examination. These screenings allow for precision detection at an early stage of lung cancer, thus significantly increasing the success rate of treatment and extending the patient ‘ s lifespan. The general workplace in Shanghai needs to focus on lung cancer screening, especially for groups with high-risk factors, in order to provide early intervention and ensure health.
High risk factors for lung cancer
There are many high-risk factors for lung cancer, of which smoking is considered the most important risk factor. Numerous studies have shown that smokers are 10 to 20 times more likely to suffer from lung cancer than non-smokers. Carcinogenics in tobacco can directly damage lung tissue and cause cell mutation. Environmental pollution is also an important factor, and people exposed to long-term air pollution, such as regular workers in Shanghai, are more vulnerable to lung cancer. The fine particles and harmful gases in the air can enter the lung through the respiratory system, causing chronic damage to the lung tissue. Family history is also a factor that cannot be ignored, and if one of the immediate family members suffers from lung cancer, the risk of lung cancer will increase significantly. This may be related to genetic susceptibility, with high risks remaining even if they do not smoke or are not exposed to excessive environmental pollution. Occupational exposure is also an important factor, with a high risk of lung cancer among people with long-term exposure to carcinogenic substances such as asbestos, uranium and cadmium. Therefore, in view of these high-risk factors, periodic health assessments are necessary to detect possible pathologies at an early stage, take timely interventions to reduce the risk of disease and ensure health.
Treatment for lung cancer
The treatment of lung cancer is varied, and it is crucial to choose the appropriate treatment according to the patient ‘ s specific condition and course of treatment. Surgical treatment is the preferred treatment, especially for early or restricted lung cancers, where the surgical removal of malignant tumours can be prolonged. chemotherapy is usually used for post-operative or late-stage lung cancer patients and is controlled by drug-killing cancer cells. However, chemotherapy may have more side effects, such as nausea, fatigue, damaged immune systems, etc. Treatment, which destroys cancer cells through high-energy rays, is used mostly for partially advanced or transmissible lung cancer patients, and reduces the tumour size and increases the survival rate of patients. In recent years, targeted and immunotherapy as an emerging treatment has significantly improved the survival and quality of life of patients. Target treatments use specific drugs to strike cancer cells with precision, based on the genetic characteristics of the patient ‘ s tumours; immunisation treatments show long-term efficacy by attacking cancer cells by activation of the patient ‘ s own immune system. Despite increasing diversity of treatments, the treatment of lung cancer is subject to a risk of relapse and complex care, and patients and their families need to work closely with the medical team to regularly review and maintain good living habits in order to increase survival rates and reduce the likelihood of relapse.
Lung cancer, as a complex disease, requires systematic approaches and comprehensive strategies for its screening, prevention and treatment. Through regular screening, early detection, combined with multiple treatments, can be effective in improving the rate of cure and the quality of survival. The public needs to maintain healthy living habits, with a focus on high-risk factors, and regular health check-ups to minimize the risk of disease and ensure physical health.
