Heart failure is not a heart failure, but a journey of self-management requiring careful management. The active involvement of patients and the scientific response are key to living together in peace and hope for life with heart failure.
I. Intellectual adaptation of lifestyles
1. An appropriate daily rhythm: Heart failure patients need to find a balance between rest and activity. Overwork increases the heart burden, while long-term bed rest leads to muscle loss and poor blood circulation. Individualized action plans can be developed depending on the situation. For example, there has been a gradual increase in the volume and scope of activities, starting with a short-term indoor slowdown. A number of deep-respiratory exercises are conducted daily to promote pulmonary aerobic and CPR function.
2. Optimization of the sleep environment and habits: the creation of a quiet, comfortable, air-circulation sleep environment that ensures quality sleep of 7 – 8 hours per night. Avoid the use of electronic equipment, caffeine or a large quantity of liquids before sleeping, and prevent any increase in excitement or night urine from affecting sleep. Relaxation techniques such as warm water bubble feet and soft music can be tried to help sleep. In the event of problems such as suspension of sleep and breathing, timely medical attention should be provided.
II. Nutritional approaches to dietary management
1. Strict observance of low-salt diets: high-salt ingestion can leave water in the body and increase the pre-heart load. Controlling daily salt intake within 2 – 3 g, reducing intake of high salt foods such as pickles, pickles and processed meat. Cooking is done with vinegar, lemonade, spices, etc., to reduce salt use. For example, the use of lemon tablets instead of salt pickled chickens can both taste and reduce sodium intake.
2. Precision control of water intake: reasonable control of daily water intake, generally 1500 – 2000 ml, according to the condition and the doctor ‘ s recommendation. This includes water in all foods, including drinking water, soup and fruit. A time-limited approach to drinking water can be used to avoid the burden on the heart of large quantities of water in a short period of time. If you drink 500 – 600 ml of water in the morning, afternoon and evening, it is distributed evenly.
3. Nutritionally balanced diets: Increased intake of vitamins, minerals, high-quality proteins and low-fat foods such as vegetables, fruits, whole grains, skinny meat, fish, low-fat dairy products. The high consumption of potassium-rich foods, such as bananas, potatoes, spinach, etc., helps to maintain normal Electrophysic activities in the heart. Reduction of saturated and trans-fat ingestion, such as animal fats, fried foods, pastry, etc., in order to reduce haemolips levels and reduce the risk of sclerosis of artery samples.
III. COMPLIANCE OF PACTICAL TREATMENT
1. On time and in accordance with the medical prescriptions, regular and quantitative use of drugs, such as vascular stressor enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), beta receptor retardants, urea. Do not increase or reduce the volume of drugs, stop or replace them. Help tools such as alarm clocks and drug kits can be put in place to remind oneself to take medication on time and to ensure consistency and effectiveness of drug treatment.
2. Monitoring of drug side effects: familiar with the side effects of commonly used drugs, such as ACEI-type drugs, which can lead to dry coughs and beta receptor retardants, which can lead to hypothermia, low blood pressure, etc. In the course of drug use, close attention is paid to the physical response, and in case of discomfort or abnormal symptoms, the doctor is contacted in time to adjust the treatment programme. At the same time, indicators such as liver and kidney function and electrolyte are regularly reviewed to ensure that the drug does not cause damage to other organs of the body.
IV. Symptom surveillance and emergency response
1. Careful observation of daily symptoms: daily monitoring of vital signs such as body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and recording of edema such as an ankle, leg, abdominal swelling. A rapid increase in body weight in the short term (e.g., an increase of 2 – 3 kg within a week) may indicate an increase in liquid retention in the body, requiring a timely adjustment of the amount of urea. In the event of increased respiratory difficulties, weakness, chest pains and dizziness, immediate rest should be provided and vital signs measured to record signs.
2. Early preparedness for emergency programmes: patients and their families should learn together and have access to emergency response methods in case of acute heart failure. In the event of acute pulmonary oedema symptoms such as severe respiratory difficulties, end-sitting and pink foam, the patient should be immediately removed from the end-sitting position, with both legs down, to reduce the amount of blood to the heart and to dial the emergency call. Oxygen bags or Oxygen makers are available in the home to provide oxygen in case of emergency to mitigate the symptoms of oxygen deficiency.
V. Psychological adjustment and social support
1. Proactive construction of a positive mentality: heart failure is a long health challenge, with patients prone to anxiety, depression, etc. It is possible to divert attention, relieve psychological stress and build confidence against disease by reading, painting, meditation and participating in rehabilitation groups. To communicate more with doctors, nurses and patients, to learn about the progress of treatment and the experience of rehabilitation, and to increase awareness of and response to diseases.
2. Useful outreach of social networks: encourage patients to maintain appropriate social activities, maintain contact with relatives and friends, and share their lives. Participation in community activities, interest groups, etc., enriches life and improves the quality of life. Social support not only gives emotional comfort to patients, but also enables them to feel their own value and meaning in life, and contributes to mental health and the recovery of illness.
The self-management of heart failure patients is a multidimensional, multidimensional lifeguard. Through scientific lifestyle adjustments, rigorous diets and drug management, acute symptoms monitoring and positive psychological adaptation, patients are able to take the initiative to re-energize their hearts and rekindle the hope of life in the struggle against disease. Every moment of care is a moment of respect and love for life, which brings together a strong force to accompany heart failure.
