The heart, the life engine that keeps beating, has complex and fine internal structures. The absence of room spacing is a congenital anomaly in the development of the heart and, in short, the fact that the spacing of the heart room is not fully good, leaving a “small gap”.
In the normal heart structure, there is a complete gap between the left and right heart rooms, each responsible for receiving and delivering specific blood. The right-heart room receives the blood from the entire body, which is pumped into the right-heart room, which then transfers the blood to the lungs for oxygen exchange, while the left-heart room receives the oxygen-rich artery blood from the lungs, which is pumped to the body by the left-heart and provides oxygen and nutrients to the organs.
However, the situation changes when there is a loss of space. This deficiency is like a “door” between the two rooms, so that the blood in the right and the right rooms can flow. Since pressure is usually slightly higher in the left room than in the right room, some of the arteries in the left room flow to the right room through lack of damage and are mixed with veins. As a result, the total amount of blood received in the right-heart and right-heart rooms will increase, resulting in an increased burden on the right-heart system, such as a small pump, which is already functioning and which suddenly has to deal with more work, with long and long periods of fatigue and loss of functionality.
The size of the gap varies considerably, with small impairments likely to be a few millimetres, with a relatively small effect on the heart function, which may not have been visible for a long period of time, but only incidentally discovered during a medical examination. Larger shortfalls, on the other hand, can divert more blood and give rise to a series of more visible manifestations. Patients may be stunted, small and thiner than their peers, as the heart cannot effectively deliver enough nutrients to the body to support normal growth. Respiratory infections are also likely to occur repeatedly because of abnormal blood circulation in the lung, which leads to a high level of blood silt in the lungs and provides conditions for bacteria and viruses. In addition, reduced endurance of activity is a common symptom, with children feeling asthma and inactivity at a moment, as the heart is impaired to meet the additional need for oxygen in the exercise of the body.
Disparities in the room are due mainly to abnormality in the formation of the cardiac space during embryo development. Genetic factors play a role in this, and if there is a congenital heart disease in the family, the risk of innate heart disease, such as loss of space, is relatively high for future generations. A number of adverse environmental factors during pregnancy may also increase the risk of loss of space in the foetus, such as the infection of rubella, influenza, etc. in the early stages of pregnancy, exposure to large amounts of radiation, or the taking of certain potentially teratogenic drugs.
For the diagnosis of defects in the spacing of the room, the doctor usually conducts a detailed medical examination and may hear cardiac noises through the hearing device, which is an important clue to the discovery of cardiac abnormalities. The diagnosis is then made by a number of auxiliary examinations, the most common and effective method of examination of the heart ultrasound, which shows clearly the structure of the spacing of the house, the precise location, size and blood flow within the heart, as in the case of a detailed “B super” examination of the heart. Examinations such as EKGs, chest X-rays can also help doctors to better understand the electrical activity and morphological changes of the heart and assist with diagnosis.
The treatment for the loss of space is to be considered in the light of the size of the impairment, the symptoms and the age of the patient. In the case of minor impairments, especially when they are found in childhood, part of them may be self-inhibited with the child ‘ s growth and development, so that doctors may recommend periodic review to observe changes in the impairment. On the other hand, surgery is generally required in cases where there is a significant deficiency or where there are already visible symptoms affecting the heart function. The surgery methods include traditional chest openings and intervention blockages that have evolved in recent years. A chest-opening operation can directly repair a deficiency, but the trauma is relatively large; intervention in a blockage can be done by sending a special sealer to the missing part through the veins, with the advantage of small trauma and quick recovery, but with certain requirements for the size, location, etc. of the loss.
Despite being a congenital heart disease, the majority of patients are able to recover their health, live, study and work as normal people, provided they are able to detect and take appropriate treatment in a timely manner. Therefore, if the child is found to have abnormal growth and development, is prone to disease or has poor activity endurance, he/she should be taken to the hospital in time for early diagnosis and treatment.
