In 2024, there were several important developments and updates in the study of diabetes:
1. Publication of China ‘ s Diabetes Prevention and Control Guide (2024 edition): This is an authoritative guidance document in the area of diabetes control, which introduces new ideas and strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, management and so forth. The guide includes a section on diabetes among children and adolescents and type 1 diabetes, while a section on smoking cessation is incorporated into other chapters. In addition, the guide updates the early screening of diabetes, individualized treatment and management of complications.
2. Major breakthroughs in the treatment of diabetes among Chinese scientists: In September 2024, the team of Chinese scientists published a study in the international authoritative journal Cell, which reported a major breakthrough in the success of type 1 functional cure for diabetes using stem cell regeneration therapy. This study has given new hope to millions of diabetics and opened a new era for the application of regenerative medicine in the treatment of major diseases.
According to the latest Global Diabetes Map published by The Lancet, in 2022 around 828 million adults worldwide were diabetic, of whom about 148 million were diabetics in China, the second highest in the world. The report also points out that there are significant differences between the genders and regions in the incidence of diabetes. These updates and research findings are important for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, providing new perspectives and approaches for diabetes patients and health workers.
4. ** Empty abdominal sugar test**: this is one of the most common screening methods. Usually after at least eight hours of fasting, the blood sugar value below 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) is normal, 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (100-125 mg/dL) is damaged by an empty abdominal blood sugar and may indicate diabetes at or above 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL).
5. ** Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)**: this test will be conducted by first measuring empty abdominal glucose and then giving the testee a solution containing 75 grams of glucose. The blood sugar is measured again two hours later. Sugar tolerance is impaired if the two-hour blood sugar value is between 7.8-11.00 mmol/L (140-200 mg/dL); diabetes can be shown if it is equal to or greater than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL).
**HbA1c test**: this is a test that reflects the average blood sugar levels over the last three months. The HbA1c values below 5.7% are normal, 5.7% – 6.4% are pre-diabetes, and can indicate diabetes by being 6.5% or more.
7. ** Random blood sugar testing**: blood sugar testing at any time may indicate diabetes if the blood sugar value is equal to or greater than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) and is accompanied by diabetes symptoms (e.g. frequent urination, thirst, weight loss, etc.).
8.** Household blood sugar surveillance**: regular blood sugar surveillance can be carried out through the family blood sugar monitor for groups with a family history or high risk of diabetes to detect early blood sugar abnormalities.
** Diabetes risk assessment questionnaire**: the risk of diabetes is assessed by answering a series of questions on family history, weight, lifestyle, etc. These screenings are carried out on a regular basis, especially for high-risk groups such as diabetes, family history, obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol, and can help to detect diabetes at an early stage so that treatment and intervention can take place in a timely manner. It should be noted that these screening methods should be carried out by medical professionals in an appropriate medical environment and the results interpreted professionally.
Diabetes
