Single-ring drugs: Usage and Care. Single-ring antibiotics have a unique place in clinical anti-infection treatment, giving hope for rehabilitation to many patients. Knowledge of their usage and care is essential for rational use and patient safety.
1. Muscle injections are generally used for light to medium infections. Adults give drugs for 1 – 2g every 8 – 12 hours. For children, the dose is usually 30 mg/kg per 8 hour depending on the severity and weight of the infection. Injection should be carried out with care to select the appropriate part, such as the hip muscle or the exterior muscle of the thigh, and to ensure strict sterile operations to prevent local infections. 2. Intravenous injections and intravenous dripping are used more frequently in the treatment of moderate and severe infections. For intravenous injections, adults usually slowly charge at least 3 ml of the 1g drug for at least 3 ml of water or other suitable solvent dissolved for not less than 3 – 5 minutes. An intravenous drip of 1 – 2g can be dissolved in a suitable infusion, e.g. 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% or 10% glucose, etc., and typically for 20 – 60 minutes. The common dose for adults is 8 – 12 hours 2g and can be increased to 6 – 8 hours 2g for severe infections. For patients with incomplete kidneys, the dose needs to be adjusted to the acetic anhydride removal rate, e.g. when the acetic anhydride removal rate is 10 – 30 ml/min, the primary dose is 1 – 2g, and then the maintenance level is reduced by half.
1. Identification and response of single-ring drugs can also give rise to allergies in a variety of forms, ranging from mild rashes and itching to severe allergie shock. If the patient has red skin and itching symptoms after the medication, he should be informed immediately. In the event of signs of an allergic shock, such as respiratory difficulties, dizziness and a decrease in blood pressure, the use of medication and emergency treatment, such as the maintenance of airways and the injection of adrenaline under the skin, must be stopped immediately. 2. Allergic sensibilities prior to the use of single-ring drugs are detailed in the patient ‘ s allergy history, in particular with regard to β-neamide antibiotics (including penicillin and sepsis). When patients with such an allergy history use ammonium tranams, the risk of allergies may increase, requiring, for example, careful use of medicines or dermal tests. (ii) Gastrointestinal reaction 1. Common manifestations are more common than gastrointestinal discomfort in the treatment of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Patients should keep their diet low while they are on medication, avoiding greasy, spicy and irritating foods, thus increasing the gastrointestinal burden. If gastrointestinal symptoms are light, they can continue to be observed, with proper water and rest. In cases of serious symptoms, such as frequent vomiting and dehydration due to diarrhoea, medical treatment should be provided in a timely manner, which may require an adjustment of medication or treatment for the disease. 1. The importance of monitoring, while single-ring drugs are relatively safe, may have some effect on liver and kidney functions in long or large doses. In the course of drug use, hepatic functions (e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen) and kidney functions (e.g., e.g., acetic anhydride) need to be regularly examined. If an abnormal indicator is found, the doctor assesses whether to continue with the drug or to adjust the dose according to the circumstances. 2. Specialized groups of people are more cautious about the use of single-ring drugs for patients who themselves have incomplete liver and kidney functions. The dosage of the drug and the spacing of the drug may require stricter adjustments and close observation of the patient ‘ s symptoms and changes in the test indicators. (iv) Use of special population groups 1. Pregnant and lactating women The advantages and disadvantages of using a pregnant woman should be weighed and only if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the foetus. When used by lactating women, the drug may enter the milk, and careful consideration needs to be given to the effects on the infant or to the suspension of breastfeeding for the duration of the drug. 2. Older persons and children The liver and kidney functions of older persons may be reduced, drug metabolism and excretion capacity may be reduced, and appropriate dose adjustments may be required in the use of single-ring drugs. The use of ammonia tranams by children is strictly measured on the basis of body weight, and the post-dose response, including the presence of adverse reactions and infection control, is closely observed.
In general, single-ring drugs play an active role in anti-infection treatment, but only with proper knowledge of their use and due attention can the effectiveness and safety of treatment be ensured, with maximum benefit to patients.
