Breast cancer is a malignant neoplasm occurring in breast tissues and has the highest incidence of malignant neoplasm in women worldwide. In 2020, breast cancer replaced lung cancer for the first time as the world ‘ s largest cancer, posing a major threat to women ‘ s health. Breast cancer not only affects the health of patients, but also has a profound impact on mental health and social life. First, the causes of breast cancer are complex and involve a number of factors, including genetic factors, endocrine factors and lifestyles. 1.1 Genetic factors have an important place in the incidence of breast cancer. Studies have found that if the mother had breast cancer on both sides before the menopause, her daughter was nine times more at risk of breast cancer than the average woman. In addition, the risk of breast cancer among sisters is three times higher. 1.2 Endocrine-related breast cancer is associated with human hormonal disorders, in particular estrogen and oxytocin. Breast cancer occurs mainly among pre-menopausal, post-menopausal and early and late menstrual women. 1.3 What are the early symptoms of breast cancer that can easily be ignored when lifestyle factors such as alcohol abuse, obesity and lack of physical exercise increase the risk of breast cancer? Early symptoms of breast cancer may be hidden and easily neglected, and the following are common early symptoms: breast swelling: this is one of the most common symptoms of breast cancer. The swelling is usually hard in form, irregular at the edges, bound to the surrounding tissue, and mostly painless. Breast pain: Some patients may experience breast pain or sting, which may be intermittent and may increase as the condition develops. Breast skin changes: including skin indentation, wrinkles, oedema or edema. In particular, “dimples”, i.e. dents in the skin surfaces of the breast-cooked stoves due to tumors that violate breast lactation. Breast-leaving: Non-lactating women who are exposed to breast-leaving fluids, especially blood spills, should be highly alert to the possibility of breast cancer. nipple change: Breast cancer may be associated with the insulation, tilting or stationing of the nipple, as well as with the aching of the skin around the nipple, and with the decrum. Breast size varies: breast size and shape changes require attention and regular check-ups at hospitals.
Breast orange skin changes: changes in breast skin tissues, such as wrinkles and skins like orange skin, are an important sign of breast cancer. An armpit lymphoma is swollen: breast cancer may have early swollen lymphoma on the same side of the armpit, while a swollen lymphoma on the collarbone may mean that the condition is advanced to an advanced stage. 3. What are the differences between breast diseases in different parts of the world? There are significant differences in breast diseases in different parts of the world, mainly in the areas of morbidity, early detection, availability of treatment and post-disease planning. The following are some of the key points: prevalence differentials: according to global cancer statistics, there are relatively high rates of breast cancer in North America, Europe and Oceania, while in Asia and Latin America there are low rates and high incidences in Africa. From 1998 to 2012, trends in the incidence of breast cancer in different parts of the world showed the most marked increase in Asia and Latin America, particularly in Asia, where the annual average growth rate (AAPC) was 4.1 per cent, while North America showed a downward trend. Disparities in early detection rates: the report of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization indicates that one of the different breast cancer women At the time of the diagnosis, the cancer was in its final stages, compared with only one tenth in Europe and North America. Socio-economic status effects: The report also shows that women with lower socio-economic status are disproportionately disproportionately diagnosed with advanced breast cancer, which may be related to unequal resource allocation and accessibility to health care services. Regional differences: In China, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing at more than twice the global rate, especially in urban areas. China ‘ s median age for breast cancer is younger than that of white Western women, which may be related to different genetic or risk factors. In China, according to the Pink Report on Breast Health for Women, 2021, there are differences in breast abnormality rates between different regions of China, with high rates of breast abnormality in South China, East China, Central China and North-East China, which may be related to economic level, rhythm and occupational stress; and low rates of breast abnormality in South-West and North-West China, which may be related to life habits. Global Action on Breast Cancer: The World Health Organization aims to reduce breast cancer mortality globally by 2.5 per cent per year, thereby reducing breast cancer deaths globally by 2.5 million between 2020 and 2040. These differences highlight the global inequalities in breast cancer control and the urgency of increasing the rate of early detection of breast cancer and improving global breast cancer prevention strategies. 4. What drugs or lifestyles can reduce the risk of breast cancer? Medicines for the prevention of selective estrogen receptors (SERMs): He has mosifine (TAM): He is one of the most common endocrine treatments, and is more effective for women with an unusual increase in breast. Clinical test data show that he is not typical of the additional risk. Aromatic enzyme inhibitor (AIs): Anatracelium: 5 years of continuous use of Anatracelium and reduction of breast cancer. Diaphragm: For diabetic type II patients, studies have shown that the incidence of breast cancer is lower among diabetics who use diaphragms than among others. Aspirin: Studies show that aspirin can reduce the incidence of breast cancer, especially hormonal positive breast cancer, in situ breast cancer, and post-menopausal breast cancer among women. Diazine: The preventive effects of breast cancer are yet to be further tested. Tatin: There have been more studies on whether hetin has reduced the risk of breast cancer, but there is a lack of evidence of prevention. Lifestyle prevention of balanced diets: increased intake of vegetables and fruits and restrictions on foods with high fat, sugar, salt and cholesterol. Limiting alcohol: Any alcohol intake increases the risk of breast cancer, and it is recommended that it is best to avoid alcohol consumption, while the drinking population should limit its consumption to one cup per day and three cups per week. Non-smoking: Smoking is associated with increased risk of multiple cancers, including breast cancer. Physical exercise: Increased body activity is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer, and it is recommended that daily exercise be strengthened to avoid long sitting and medium-intensity physical activity of 150 min per week. Weight: The risk of post-menopausal breast cancer is higher for overweight or obese, and it is recommended that BMI control at 20-25 kg/m2 help reduce the risk of breast cancer. Ensuring fibre intake: A fibre-rich diet reduces the risk of breast cancer. Maintaining “darkness”: ensuring adequate sleep helps reduce the risk of breast cancer. Vitamin D (including food and skin sources) can also protect the risk of breast cancer. The risk of breast cancer can be effectively reduced through the above-mentioned drug and lifestyle changes. It is important that drugs be used under the guidance of a doctor and that the lifestyle be adapted to individual circumstances.
