Breast cancer is one of the most malignant neoplasms in the world for women, with approximately 5 – 10 per cent of breast cancer cases closely related to genetic mutation, most commonly BRCA1 and BRCA2. These mutations can significantly increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer among carriers and their descendants. Understanding how to avoid genetic mutations of breast cancer being passed on to future generations is essential for people with family history.
Genetic testing is a key first step in prevention. In the case of breast cancer in the family, especially in the case of early onset, double-sided breast cancer or co-optal cancer, family members should actively consider conducting relevant genetic tests such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Through testing, it is possible to determine whether individuals carry mutation genes, thus providing a precise basis for subsequent prevention strategies. Angelina Julien, for example, carried out genetic tests in her family’s genetic history and found herself carrying a mutation of the BRCA1 gene, which enabled her to take a number of proactive preventive measures.
For those identified as carrying a genetic mutation of breast cancer, reproductive choice is an important part of the reduction of genetic risk. One possible method is pre-embroid genetic diagnosis (PGD), i.e. third-generation in vitro baby technology. During in vitro fertilization, embryos are screened for genetic tests and embryos without mutagenic genes are screened for implantation, thus ensuring that progenys do not undergo mutation of breast cancer. This technology is clinically more sophisticated and can effectively disrupt the vertical transmission of genetic mutation.
Preventive surgery is also a means of reducing risks. For women carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation, preventive mastectomy can significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer by about 90 to 95 per cent. At the same time, prophylactic ovarian hysterectomy can be effective in reducing the risk of ovarian cancer and, to some extent, breast cancer, in particular for the BRCA1 genetic mutations. However, preventive surgery is a more radical intervention, requiring patients to be fully informed about its pros and cons and to take decisions under the guidance of a professional physician, taking into account their own circumstances, such as age, reproductive will and the severity of family history.
Drug prevention is equally important. Drug prevention can be an option for transgenic carriers who temporarily do not consider surgery or are unfit for surgery. For example, he has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer by selective estrogen receptors such as Motsofen. The long-term use of his mosifine reduces the risk of breast cancer by about 30 – 50%. Medicines such as aromatic enzymes inhibitors also show the effectiveness of breast cancer prevention among specific population groups. However, drug prevention has its side effects and limitations and needs to be closely monitored by doctors.
In addition to the above-mentioned measures for transgenics, a healthy lifestyle has a positive effect on the prevention of breast cancer in all population groups. Maintaining a balanced diet, ingesting vegetables, fruits and whole grains, and reducing the ingestion of high fat and sugary foods; maintaining a modest movement of at least 150 minutes per week with a moderate strength of aerobics, such as run-off, jogging, etc.; avoiding a long-term high level of alcohol consumption; maintaining a good mind, reducing mental stress, etc. These healthy lifestyles help maintain a physical endocrine balance and reduce the risk of breast cancer, even for people with genetically modified populations, to some extent slowing down or reducing the incidence of cancer.
Although the effects of mutation of breast cancer on future generations are severe, the combination of genetic testing, reproductive choice, preventive surgery, drug prevention and healthy lifestyles can effectively reduce the risk of transmission of genetic mutation, provide multi-dimensional safeguards for family-based breast cancer prevention and protect more families from breast cancer.
