Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its surgical treatment is an important means to control the disease and improve the survival rate. With the continuous progress of medical technology, the surgical methods of breast cancer are constantly updated and improved. This article will give you a detailed introduction to the relevant knowledge of breast cancer surgery to help you better understand and cope with the treatment process.
I. Overview
of Breast Cancer Surgery
Breast cancer surgery mainly includes partial mastectomy (breast-conserving surgery), mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, radical mastectomy and extended radical mastectomy. The specific choice of surgical method should be considered comprehensively according to the patient’s age, tumor size, stage, lymph node status and personal wishes.
Partial mastectomy (breast-conserving surgery): It is suitable for patients with early stage, small tumors and no lymph node metastasis. Breast conserving surgery can preserve most of the breast tissue and remove only the tumor and part of the breast tissue around it. Postoperative radiation therapy is often needed to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast tissue on the affected side, including the nipple, areola, and sometimes the pectoral muscles under the breast. It is suitable for carcinoma in situ, microcarcinoma and those who are old and weak and are not suitable for radical resection. Sometimes the nipple and areola skin are also preserved, called a subcutaneous total mastectomy.
Modified radical mastectomy for
breast cancer: The breast and axillary lymph nodes on the affected side were removed, and the pectoralis major and minor muscles were preserved. In order to facilitate the dissection of the lymph nodes between the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor, sometimes only the pectoralis major muscle is preserved and the pectoralis minor muscle is resected. This operation not only preserves more muscle tissue, but also achieves better therapeutic effect.
Radical mastectomy for
breast cancer: The whole breast, pectoralis major and minor muscles, axillary lymph nodes and pectoralis minor muscles were resected. It is suitable for patients with breast cancer stage I and II. However, because of the large trauma, it has been less used.
Extended radical mastectomy: a wider range of resection, including the whole breast, pectoralis major and minor muscles, lymph nodes around the internal thoracic artery, etc. It is suitable for patients with stage II or above, including part of stage IV. However, due to the large trauma and many complications, there are fewer choices.
2. Precautions
for surgical treatment
Preoperative preparation: Patients should undergo a thorough physical examination before surgery to assess surgical tolerance. At the same time, we should maintain a good attitude and actively cooperate with the doctor’s treatment plan. Preoperative fasting and water deprivation should be carried out, and intestinal preparation should be carried out according to medical supervision.
Intraoperative cooperation: During the operation, the patient should keep relaxed and cooperate with the doctor. If you have any discomfort or questions, you should communicate with your doctor in time.
Postoperative care: Postoperative patients should pay attention to incision care to avoid infection. At the same time, anti-infective treatment and analgesic treatment should be carried out in accordance with medical supervision. In terms of diet, we should eat more digestible and nutritious food to promote the recovery of the body.
Regular review: Postoperative patients should follow the medical supervision to the hospital for regular review, including blood routine, liver and kidney function, tumor markers, imaging examination, etc. Seek medical advice in case of any abnormality or discomfort.
Risks and complications
of
surgical treatment Although the surgical treatment of
breast cancer is effective, it also has certain risks and complications. Common risks and complications include postoperative bleeding, subcutaneous effusion, skin graft necrosis, infection, upper limb edema and dysfunction. Therefore, when choosing surgical treatment, patients should fully understand the risks of surgery and make decisions under the guidance of doctors.
4. Postoperative adjuvant therapy
After
breast cancer surgery, patients usually need to receive radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and other adjuvant therapies to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Specific adjuvant therapy should be formulated by doctors according to the specific conditions of patients.
V. Summary
Surgical treatment of
breast cancer is an important means to control the disease and improve the survival rate. When choosing surgical methods, patients should fully understand the advantages and disadvantages of various surgical methods and the scope of application, and make decisions under the guidance of doctors. Postoperative nursing and reexamination should be paid attention to, and complications should be found and treated in time. At the same time, we should actively cooperate with adjuvant therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Through scientific treatment and care, patients can achieve better treatment results and quality of life.
