Infection of the urinary system (UrinaryTact Insurance, UTI) is an infectious disease caused by the intrusion of pathogen microorganisms into the urinary system (including kidneys, urinary tubes, bladders and urinary tracts) and is one of the most common infectious diseases clinically. Depending on the area of infection, urinary system infections can be classified as upper-urinary infections (e.g. renal infections) and lower-urinary infections (e.g. bladderitis, urinary tract infections). This paper will elaborate on the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of urinary system infections.
I. Symptoms of urology system infections
Clinical performance of urology system infections varies according to the area of infection, the type of pathogen and the individual patient. The following is a common classification of symptoms:
(i) Urinary tract infections (vesico, urinary tract)
1. Uirate frequency: the number of urinations by patients has increased significantly, but less per person.
2. Utility: There is a strong desire to pee, often associated with the difficulty of urinating.
3. Pee pain: The urea has a fever or pain.
4. Blood urine: Some patients may have blood urine visible to the naked eye or under the mirror.
5. Abdominal discomfort: the bladder area may suffer from pressure or swollen pain.
(ii) Urinary tract infections (renal renal inflammation)
Heat: usually accompanied by high heat (>38°C) and possible cold warfare.
2. Backache: Pain in the waist on either side or on both sides, which may be accompanied by a rib perforation.
3. Symptoms of the whole body: incompetence, nausea, vomiting, etc.
4. Symptoms of urination: Some patients may have both urinational symptoms such as urination frequency, acuteness and urine pain.
(iii) Symptoms of special population groups
1. Older persons: Symptoms may be unusual and manifest themselves in vagueness, inefficiency or declining appetite.
2. Children: May be manifested in fever, vomiting, abdominal pain or irritation.
II. Diagnosis of urology system infections
Diagnosis of urinary system infections depends mainly on medical history, medical examinations and laboratory examinations.
(i) Medical history and medical examination
1. History of the disease: knowledge of the patient ‘ s symptoms, past history of infection and associated risk factors (e.g., urinary blockage, diabetes, pregnancy, etc.).
Medical examination: examination of rib vertebrae (inflicted renal inflammation) and lower abdominal inflammation (influenza).
(ii) Laboratory inspection
1. Pee General:
The increase in white cells (peeure) is a major manifestation of infection in the urology system.
An increase in the number of red cells (blood urine) may indicate bladder inflammation or urinary pebbles.
Nitrate positive hint for geland vaginal infections.
2. Pee culture:
It is the gold standard for the diagnosis of urinary system infections, which identifies pathogens and guides the choice of antibiotics.
The fungus count is 105 CFU/mL, which usually suggests infection.
Blood:
The increase in white cell count and the increase in the proportion of neutral particle cells suggests a general inflammation response.
4. Visual inspection:
An ultrasound, CT or MRI examination is possible for patients with complex urinary system infections or suspected of urinary obstruction.
III. Treatment of urinary system infections
The treatment of urinary system infections is aimed at removing pathogens, mitigating symptoms and preventing complications. Treatment programmes should be based on the type of infection (simple or complex), the area of infection and the individual circumstances of the patient.
(i) Antibacterial treatment
Antibacterial drugs are the primary treatment for infections in the urology system, and drug choices should be based on the drug sensitivity of pathogens and the severity of the infection.
1. Pure urinal tract infections:
Drugs commonly used: sulfadoxine/moxymetrazine (SMZ-TMP), furan ethos, fluorophenone (e.g., left-oxen fluoride).
Course: usually 3-5 days.
Complex urinary tract infections:
Drugs commonly used: capisculin (e.g., crotose), phenolone (e.g., left-oxen fluorine), carbon cyanide (e.g., etapenan).
The course of treatment: 7-14 days, and the specific course of treatment needs to be adapted to infection control.
3. Acute kidney inflammation:
Slight moderate infection: oral quinone or precipitone antibiotics.
Intensive infections: Hospital treatment is required, and intravenouss use broad spectrum antibiotics (e.g., twilight or Zaracillin/Hispan).
4. Treatment of special population groups:
Females during pregnancy: Pre-optimals or sulfamides, avoiding the use of quinone and tetracyclics.
Older persons: Antibiotic doses need to be adjusted to the kidney function to avoid drug accumulation.
(ii) Treatment
1. Thermal salvaging: The use of acetaminophenol or brofen to relieve heat and pain.
Refilling: increase in liquid intake, promote urine discharge and help to remove pathogens.
(iii) Surgery
Infections of complex urology systems (e.g. urinary barriers, stones or septies) may require surgical intervention to remove the blockage or lead to a sepsis.
IV. Prevention of urinary system infections
Good personal hygiene practices: keeping the vagina clean and avoiding bacterial reverse infections.
2. Multi-water: increasing the amount of urine, promoting urine rinsing and reducing the opportunities for bacterial planting.
3. Timely urination: avoid suffocation, especially after sexual life.
Avoid incentives such as avoiding the use of irritant chemical substances (e.g. vaginal flushers) or long-term retention of catheters.
5. Periodic medical examinations: In cases of diseases of the urology system or of high risk factors, the function of the urology and urology system should be regularly examined.
Concluding remarks
Infection of the urinary system is a clinically common infectious disease with a variety of symptoms, i.e., only frequent and acute urine, with the risk of a general infection and even sepsis. Early diagnosis and normative treatment are key to controlling infection and preventing complications. The rational use of antibacterial drugs is at the heart of the treatment, provided that the appropriate drugs and treatments are selected according to the drug sensitivity of the pathogens and the specific circumstances of the patient. At the same time, good hygiene practices and healthy lifestyles can effectively prevent the occurrence of urinary system infections and improve the quality of life.
Utility.
