Meningitis is a disease caused by meningitis (protective membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord) that has a wide variety of causes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasitic infections and non-infective factors (e.g. self-immuno-diseases, drug responses, etc.). Meningitis can be classified as acute and chronic, and serious persons may endanger life or cause long-term neurological after-effects. This paper will provide detailed information on the types of meningitis symptoms and treatment methods to help the public to better understand and respond to the disease.
I. Symptoms of meningitis
Symptoms of meningitis vary according to the cause of the disease, the age of the patient and the severity of the condition, but are usually characterized by acute fever, headaches, stiff necks and symptoms of the nervous system. The following are the main symptoms of meningitis:
(i) Common symptoms
1. Heating
Meningitis patients usually experience high fever, accompanied by cold fighting and discomfort.
2. Headaches
Headaches are typical of meningitis symptoms, usually of persistent acute headaches, which may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting.
3. Rigid neck
The rigidity of the neck is a characteristic expression of meningitis, and the patient feels evident pain or is limited in trying to lower his head.
Disgusting and vomiting
Disgusting and sprayive vomiting may occur as a result of increased internal pressure.
5. Awareness barriers
Patients may manifest themselves in a state of sleep addiction, confusion and the possibility of unconsciousness or epilepsy.
(ii) Specific symptoms of different types of meningitis
1. Bacteria meningitis
Acute onset: usually rapidly developing in hours to days.
Skin bruises or bruises: Meningitis caused by Neisseria menningidis may be accompanied by skin bruises or bruises.
Panic and multi-organ failure: serious cases of possible sepsis, low blood pressure and multi-organ dysfunction.
Virus meningitis
Less serious: Symptoms are usually milder and shorter than bacterial meningitis.
Self-restrictiveness: Most patients can recover themselves within 7-10 days.
All-body symptoms: may be associated with the whole-body symptoms of a virus such as muscular acid, ingesting or diarrhoea.
Fungi meningitis
Chronic pathology: Symptoms are developing slowly and tend to increase gradually over weeks to months.
Immunosuppression is related: it is common for people with low immune functions (e.g. people living with AIDS or with chronic immunosuppressants).
Headaches and visual impairments: patients may experience persistent headaches and blurred vision.
4. Tuberculosis meningitis
Sub-acute onset: Symptoms tend to increase over several weeks.
Symptoms of the nervous system: possible cranial paralysis, physical incapacitation or epilepsy.
All-body symptoms: All-body manifestations of tuberculosis, including low fever, sweat theft and weight loss.
5. Non-infective meningitis
Drug-related: Certain drugs (e.g., non-acute anti-inflammants, antibiotics) may cause sterile meningitis with symptoms similar to those of infectious meningitis but without evidence of infection.
Self-immuno-immunological diseases, such as systematic erythalamus or vascular inflammation, can lead to the appearance of meningitis.
(iii) Child and neonatal symptoms
Symptoms of meningitis in children and newborns may be unusual, often as shown by:
1. Continued crying
Neonatals may be characterized by persistent crying, irritation or sleep addiction.
2. Front rises
The neonate’s excavator (the cartilage area above his head) may rise, suggesting an increase in internal pressure.
3. Child feeding difficulties
Neonatals may refuse milk or vomit.
4. Frustration
Childhood meningitis is often accompanied by epilepsy or convulsion.
II. The treatment of meningitis
Meningitis treatment depends on the cause and severity of the disease, and typically includes anti-infection treatment, treatment for disease support and treatment of complications.
(i) Treatment of bacterial meningitis
1. Antibiotic treatment
Empirical treatment: Empirical treatment should be carried out as early as possible using broad spectrum antibiotics (e.g., twilight, twirl or vancomicin) before the pathogen is identified.
Targeted treatment: Antibiotics are adapted to the results of brain vertebrate cultivation and commonly used drugs include penicillin, ammonium sicillin or chlorocin.
Sugar cortex hormones
The use of disemesone reduces the response to inflammation and reduces the risk of complications such as hearing impairments, especially for meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia.
3. Support for treatment
Retortion and pain relief: The use of acetaminophenol or brofen to mitigate fever and headaches.
Remediation: Maintenance of hydro-electric balance to prevent dehydration or brain oedema.
4. Complication management
For patients with increased intracranial pressure, the internal pressure can be reduced by glyphol or fur sermi.
Anti-eclampsia drugs (e.g. sodium phenol) can be used during epilepsy.
(ii) Treatment of viral meningitis
1. Antiviral treatment
Meningitis caused by herpes-only (HSV) can be treated in Azurowe.
Other viral meningitis is usually a self-restricted disease that does not require specific antiviral treatment.
2. Support for treatment of symptoms
Reheating, pain relief and rehydration treatment are the main treatments for viral meningitis.
(iii) Treatment of fungal meningitis
1. Anti-fungal drugs
Treatment of invisible fungal meningitis using cosmoxin B combined fluorine.
For mildly ill persons, oral treatment with fluorine is available.
2. Long-term maintenance treatment
Immunologically weak people may need long-term anti-facter drugs to prevent recurrence.
(iv) Treatment of tuberculosis meningitis
1. Anti-tuberculosis treatment
A joint treatment programme for isopinium, lifoping, ethylamide and ethylambutol is used, usually for 9-12 months.
Sugar cortex hormones
The use of disemisone or penesone reduces the inflammatory response and reduces the risk of neurological complications.
(v) Treatment of non-infective meningitis
1. Discontinuation of suspicious drugs
In the case of drug-related meningitis, suspicious drugs should be discontinued immediately, and symptoms usually eased quickly.
2. Treatment of immunosuppression
For self-immunizing meningitis, sugar cortex hormones or immunosuppressants (e.g. cyclophosphallide) can be used.
III. Prevention of meningitis
Prevention of meningitis includes vaccination, personal protection and early treatment.
(i) Immunization
1. Meningococcal vaccine
Meningococcal vaccine can effectively prevent meningitis caused by meningitis Naser.
Pneumococcal vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine can reduce the risk of streptociditis among children and older persons.
3. Haemophilus influenzae vaccine (Hib vaccine)
Hib vaccine prevents meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae, especially for children.
(ii) Personal protection
Avoiding close contact
During the meningitis epidemic, close contact with patients was avoided, especially in densely populated places such as schools, dormitories, etc.
2. Maintaining good hygiene practices
Wash your hands and avoid exposure to contaminated articles or food.
(iii) Early treatment and preventive use
Preventive use by persons in close contact
Prophylactic treatment can be provided by Lifuping or Cyclopsa in close contact with meningitis patients.
2. Timely access to health care
Symptoms related to meningitis should be treated as early as possible, with a standardized diagnosis and treatment.
Concluding remarks
Meningitis is a potentially life-threatening disease, but through early diagnosis, standardized treatment and effective prevention, most patients can fully recover and avoid serious complications. The public should raise awareness of meningitis, particularly among high-risk populations, through vaccination and personal protection measures, timely access to and regular treatment. In the future, as medical technology advances, the fight against meningitis will become more efficient and provide better health security for patients.
Meningitis
