The systematic erythalamus (SLE) is a complex self-immuno-disease that can weigh on multiple systems and organs of the whole body, with diverse clinical performances and varying levels of severity, with serious implications for the health and lives of patients. Accurate diagnosis and clear treatment targets play a key role in the effective management of the disease and in improving patient prognosis.
Diagnosis
Clinical performance
Skin mucous membrane expression: SLE is extremely characteristic of skin damage, with a cross-nose beam and double cheeks like butterflies, while a plate-shaped red is visible as a clear red spot with a clear border, in the form of a plate, so that it has a hair on the head, neck, etc. exposed spot, with sticky scabs on the red spot, which, after removal of the scab, can see an increase in the underside of the acetone and furbag. In addition, patients may have oral ulcer, light allergies (red spots, itching, etc. after skin exposure to UV).
All-body symptoms: Often associated with non-specific manifestations of fever (which can be low or high), inefficiency, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, etc., are susceptible to neglect or misdiagnosis as other common diseases.
Blank hair: A number of patients suffer from thin, broken hair, severe changes in the form of bald hair, impact on their appearance and point to disease.
Symptoms of joint muscles: multiple joints can be exhausted, pain levels vary, and some patients may have morning rigidities, but they are generally less likely to cause joint malformations, which differ from those of rheumatism. At the same time, muscle incompetence, pain and severe effects on normal body activity, known as lupus myfitis, may occur.
Renal stress: The kidney is one of SLE ‘ s most commonly exhausted organs, clinically shows signs of protein urine, blood urine, oedema, and serious kidney disease such as lupus nephritis, if not controlled in a timely manner, progresses towards kidney failure and endangers life.
The haematological system shows symptoms of anaemia in the form of pale skin, dizziness, panic, etc.; a decrease in white cells, resulting in reduced resistance of the organism and its vulnerability to infection; and a decrease in the slab, resulting in haemorrhages such as bruises on the skin, bruises on the nose, haemorrhage on the nose and teeth.
Cardiovascular system performance: cardiac encephalitis, myocarditis, etc. The patient may suffer from symptoms such as chest pain, heart palpitation, respiratory difficulties, which affect the normal functioning of the heart.
The digestive system is characterized by a lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, etc., which affects the nutritional intake and digestive absorption of patients.
Neurological system performance: Common headaches, mental symptoms (e.g. depression, anxiety, psychosis, etc.), epilepsy, etc. These abnormal manifestations of the nervous system seriously interfere with the normal life and cognitive ability of the patient.
Auxiliary examination
Laboratory examination: Self-antibody testing: Anti-nucleus (ANA) is an important indicator of SLE screening. Almost all SLE patients ANA are positive, but ANA positive can also be found in other diseases, so they need to be tested more specifically for their own antibodies. For example, anti-twine DNA (dsDNA) antibodies, which are more diagnosticly specific to SLE and whose drip levels are often associated with disease activity; anti-Sm antibodies, which, although relatively low positive, are extremely specific and are generally detectable if positive. In addition, anti-phosphate antibodies, anti-nuclear sugar P anti-protein antibodies and other self-antibodies reflect the characteristics and activities of the disease in different ways.
General blood: Anomalous conditions of white cells, erythrocytes, slabs, e.g., reduction of white cells, anaemia, reduction of slabs, etc., can be observed.
Pee routine: helps to detect changes in protein urine, blood urine, etc. during kidney stress.
Blood sunk (ESR), C Responsive Protein (CRP): These two inflammation indicators tend to rise during disease activity, but they are not specific indicators, but are only one of the references to assist in judging the extent of disease activity.
Compensatory: The C3 and C4 levels have been declining during SLE activities and can gradually return to normal as the condition is eased, and are one of the important indicators for monitoring disease activity and treatment effectiveness.
Visual inspection: Select the appropriate method of visual examination based on the heavy and different organs. For example, a chest X-line or CT examination can reveal the presence of CPRs, chest cavity fluids and pulmonary pathologies; kidney ultrasounds can observe kidney morphology, structure and assist in the determination of renal dysentery; MRI helps to screen brain dysentery in case of nervous system stress.
Diagnostic criteria
Classification criteria developed by the American Society for Rheumatism (ACR) and the Systemic International Clinical Collaborative Group for Red Lupus (SLICC) are commonly used. For example, the SLICC standard presents a combination of clinical criteria (e.g. acute or sub-acute skin lupus, chronic skin lupus, oral ulcer, etc.) and immunological criteria (e.g. ANA positive, ds DNA anti-positive, Sm anti-positive, etc.) that can be diagnosed as systemic red erythalamus when a certain number of conditions are met.
