Systemic sclerosis.
Systematic sclerosis is a rare autoimmune disease, and the following is about its pathology.
I. EMERGENCY MECHANISMS
The incidence of systemic sclerosis is closely related to genetic, environmental factors, etc. From a genetic point of view, the variation of certain genes may make individuals more sensitive. In terms of environmental factors, long-term exposure to certain chemical substances, such as organic solvents and silic oxide dust, may induce disease. In the case of this disease, the immune system is abnormal and the body is wrong to attack its own organization. It affects mainly the skin and internal organs, leading to over-sedimentation of extra-cell matrices, such as adhesive protein, and to the gradual hardening of skin and organs.
II. Clinical performance
1. Skin symptoms
– Early swollen skin in the parts of the finger, the back of the hand, etc., is likely to occur, and patients often feel tight. As the condition evolves, the skin grows thicker and harder, as it is wrapped in a hard shell. This skin change can gradually spread from the finger to the palm of the hand to the upper limb, face, neck, etc. In the face, the sclerosis of the skin may lead to a decrease in facial expression and the appearance of a “face mask”.
2. The Renault phenomenon
– This is a relatively common early symptom of systemic sclerosis. When the patient is cold or emotional, the small aneurysm of the finger, toe, etc. leads to a local ischaemic blood deficiency, manifested in whiteened skin colours followed by purple and red, with feelings of pain and numbness.
3. Irritation of internal organs
– When the gastrointestinal tract is exhausted, the patient may have difficulty swallowing because the sclerosis of the edible muscles affects the normal swallowing of food. There may also be a retrenchment of the stomach oesophagus, leading to such symptoms as heart burn, anti-acid. Pulmonary stress can be manifested in Istrogen Pneumonia, and patients suffer from sexual respiratory difficulties, as well as symptoms such as dry cough. Heart stress can lead to severe consequences such as cardiac disorders and heart failure. In cases of kidney stress, high blood pressure and incomplete kidney functioning may occur.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of systemic sclerosis requires a combination of multiple factors. The doctor first asked for details of the patient ‘ s symptoms, medical history, including whether there was a Renault phenomenon, the process of skin change, etc. The medical examination focused on the degree of skin hardening, its extent and the presence of internal organs. Laboratory examinations, such as anti-nuclear tests, are often positive among patients with systemic sclerosis, and some specific antibodies, such as those against Scl-70, are important for diagnosis. In addition, video-screening, such as high-resolution CT for chests, can help to detect lung changes, and oesophagus can assess the function and morphology of the cuisine.
Treatment
1. Immunosuppressants
– Immunosuppressants commonly used, such as cyclophosphodomide, mechamonia, etc., can inhibit excessive activity of the immune system and reduce inflammatory response, thereby slowing the progress of the disease.
2. Angiogens
– Angiogens, such as calcium blockers, can improve the circulation of blood in the finger, toe and so forth and reduce symptoms for patients with Reno.
3. Treatment of illness
– If the patient has difficulty swallowing, he or she may be given medication to promote gastrointestinal power, if necessary, by means of a combination of diets and soft meals. For patients with respiratory difficulties, a combination of oxygen and sugar-coated hormones may be needed to reduce pneumonia.
Systemic sclerosis is a complex disease that requires patients to actively cooperate with the doctor ‘ s treatment, with periodic reviews to improve the quality of life and slow the progress of the disease.
