How do people
in the world spend a day?
Although people are born different, there is one inescapable factor that binds us together, and that is time.
From 2000 to 2019, William Fazjel of the Earth System Dynamics Laboratory at McGill University in Montreal,
Canada, conducted time surveys and labor force surveys in more than 130 countries. A day in the life of the world’s human beings:
(1) About 38% of the time is spent in bed.
(2) An average of 9.4 hours per day was spent on personal activities, including maintaining personal hygiene and grooming, health care (self and others), child care, school, academics, religious activities, as well as exercise, socializing, eating, hobbies, and interacting with the media.
(3) Spend an average of 3.4 hours per day on external outcomes (i.e., activities that “aim to produce physical changes in the world outside of ourselves”). This category is very broad and includes agriculture and fishing; food processing, cooking, serving and cleaning; mining, timber, fossil fuels and renewable energy; construction and maintenance of buildings and infrastructure; cleaning of living spaces; care for pets and parks; and disposal of waste. An average of 2.1 hours per day was spent on administration, travel and shopping.
Definition of
insomnia: insomnia is consistent with the external environment, does not affect physical, psychological and social functions, belongs to the normal psychological reaction, does not belong to the category of disease, symptomatic treatment can be. When the severity and duration of insomnia is too long, it is not commensurate with objective events or situations, and damages physical, psychological and social functions, it occurs more than three times a week and lasts for more than one month. To meet the above criteria, called insomnia problems, belong to the category of disease, need to be given standardized and systematic treatment.
Cardiovascular disease with insomnia refers to patients with cardiovascular disease and insomnia symptoms, when reaching the degree of insomnia or insomnia problems, often accompanied by patients with psychological and social function impairment, and lead to or aggravate cardiovascular disease.
Patients with
cardiovascular disease are at high risk of insomnia, which leads to an increase in the incidence and event rate of cardiovascular disease. Carney et al found that the incidence of insomnia in the community population was 12%, the self-reported insomnia rate of myocardial infarction patients before morbidity was 50%, while the self-reported insomnia rate of other diseases was 33%; one study showed that in 432 patients with essential hypertension, the prevalence of insomnia was 60.9% in women and 38.7% in men, which was much higher than that of the general population.
Cardiovascular disease is closely related to insomnia. Schwartz et al meta-analyzed studies on insomnia (excluding obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) and the risk of morbidity of ischemic heart disease and found that after adjusting for age and various cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risk of difficulty in falling asleep and morbidity of coronary heart disease increased by 1.47-3.90 times. Insomnia is an independent predictor of first myocardial infarction in the elderly without a history of heart disease and is one of the criteria for depression in patients with myocardial infarction. Boggild and Knutsson found a 40% increase in myocardial infarction and a 1.3-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction in shift workers compared with day workers.
The causes of insomnia in patients with
cardiovascular disease include: insomnia caused by various symptoms of cardiovascular disease; cardio-cerebral syndrome caused by coronary artery ischemia; insomnia caused by cardiovascular drugs; insomnia caused by discomfort symptoms after cardiovascular surgery; insomnia caused by anxiety and depression due to worries about the disease; sleep apnea; and primary insomnia.
The treatment is based on the principle of tonifying deficiency and reducing excess and adjusting yin and Yang of the viscera. Excess patients can purge the excess, such as soothing the liver and purging heat, clearing phlegm and heat; deficiency patients can tonify the deficiency, such as tonifying the heart and spleen, nourishing yin and reducing fire, benefiting qi and relieving convulsion. Can also be use for tranquilizing mind, such as Radix Rehmanniae, Rhizoma Polygonati, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, cauli Spatholobi, and testa Sojae Atricolor for nourishing blood and tranquilizing mind; Magnetitum, concha Ostreae, Os Draconis, succinum, and concha Margaritifera for tranquilizing mind; Coptidis Rhizoma, plumula Nelumbinis, Herba Lophatheri, and Scutellariae Radix for clearing away heart-fire and tranquilize mind. Combined with modern traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology: traditional Chinese medicines with sedative and hypnotic effects: Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis, Radix Bupleuri, and Rhizoma Chuanxiong; drugs with the effect of reducing sympathetic nerve excitability: Radix Puerariae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, and cold and cool drugs. Must adhere to traditional Chinese medicine time therapy: insist on taking medicine 2 hours before going to bed, or take medicine before going to bed. Chinese medicine and western medicine should be combined with ginseng instead of antagonizing western medicine and pharmacology.
Treatment summary: guided by the theory of five diagnostic methods and ten principles and five viscera; combination of pungent disease and syndrome differentiation: “disease-principle-method-prescription-medicine” five-character diagnosis and treatment formula; classical prescriptions such as Suanzaoren Decoction, Chaihu Shugan Decoction, Ganmai Dazao Decoction, Anshen Dingzhi Pill, Changpu Yujin Decoction, Baihe Dihuang Decoction, Huanglian Wendan Decoction, etc., are famous prescriptions for insomnia; Give full play to the advantages of Lingnan Chinese herbal medicine, pay attention to the collection of folk Chinese medicine prescriptions, five-character advantages: simple, cheap, effective, safe, sensitive;
Adhere to traditional Chinese medicine time therapy; combination of internal treatment and external treatment, regular daily life (regular work and rest).
Compared with primary insomnia, insomnia in patients with
cardiovascular disease has its own unique characteristics. Insomnia is often related to the symptoms, severity and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Its treatment is different from that of primary insomnia, which requires active treatment of cardiovascular disease and insomnia.
