The adverse reaction of osteoporosis: comprehensive cognitive and coping strategies

Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of osteoporosis, ranging from the prevention of surgical infections to the treatment of post-traumatic or post-operative infections. However, as with other drugs, antibiotics can produce a series of adverse effects while acting as treatment. A comprehensive understanding of these negative reactions is of paramount importance for the proper use of medicines by the osteomedical staff, for the safety of patients and for the patient ‘ s own active cooperation in the treatment.I. Allergies: potential risks from rash to allergic shockAllergies are one of the more common and potentially life-threatening adverse effects of the use of osteobiotics. In the case of penicillin, for example, it has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of infections in the bone. Some of the patients may have rapid hair allergies as a result of the use of penicillin, in the form of skin aching, measles, vascular neurological oedema in cases of severe severity, and edema in the larynx due to stress and respiratory tract, causing respiratory difficulties and even an allergic shock. Such a hair-surgery response usually occurs within minutes to minutes after the drug is used and, if it occurs, immediate first aid treatment, including the cessation of the use of penicillin, subcutaneous injections of adrenaline, oxygen abuse, and the maintenance of airways, may cause the patient to die. There is also a risk of allergy to precipitin antibiotics, although their similarity to the chemical structure of penicillin makes some patients who are allergic to penicillin probably allergic, but not absolute. Some patients may suffer from late-haired allergies, symptoms such as rashes, fever and joint pains after days or even weeks of medication, which can be misdiagnosed as other bone diseases or post-operative complications, thus delaying treatment. Therefore, detailed questioning of the patient ‘ s history of allergies and the conduct of a pictorial test are essential precautions before the use of allergy antibiotics.II. Gastrointestinal response: influencing nutritional intake and rehabilitation processesMany of the most common antibiotics in the bone cause gastrointestinal responses, which may have a negative impact on the nutritional intake and overall rehabilitation process of the bone patients. For example, macrocyclic ester antibiotics such as erythrin, achicin, etc. often lead to symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, etc. This is because this type of antibiotics stimulates the gastrointestinal mucous membranes, which affects the normal worming and digestive fluid function of the gastrointestinal tract. Although there are advantages such as high tissue concentrations and long half-lifes, gastrointestinal adverse effects are sometimes more pronounced, especially when taken in empties. Some of the drugs in β-neamide antibiotics, such as Amocrin, can also cause mild gastrointestinal reaction, such as appetite failure, nausea, etc. For osteoporosis patients, especially those who have undergone large-scale operations, such as artificial joint replacement, spinal integration, etc., after which they need adequate nutrition to promote bone healing and body recovery, chronic gastrointestinal malformations can lead to under-nourishment, loss of weight and weakness, thus delaying the rehabilitation process. In cases of gastrointestinal reaction, different measures may be taken depending on the severity of the symptoms. In the case of mild nausea and vomiting, the time of use may be adjusted, for example, to be taken after eating or to provide some gastric mucous protection; in the case of severe vomiting, diarrhoea may require a temporary stoppage, supplemented by water and electrolyte, to prevent dehydration and electrolytic disorders, and, if necessary, to provide anti-laxatives, such as demoliosis.Hepatic toxicity: potential liver function threatSome osteobiotic antibiotics are hepatotoxic and may pose a potential threat to the liver function of patients at long or large doses of use. For example, tetracyclic antibiotics, used in the past for the treatment of osteoporosis, were found to interfere with some metabolic pathways within liver cells during liver metabolism, affecting normal detoxification and synthesis functions in the liver, leading to ammonium enzymes and yellow sulfide. In addition, individual drugs in the Great Ringed ester antibiotics may have adverse liver effects, such as increased risks of hepatotoxicity when erythiocin is used in specific populations, such as the elderly, and the insufficiently functioning liver. In osteo-clinical practice, hepatic functions are monitored regularly for patients requiring long-term antibiotic treatment, such as chronic osteoporosis, in order to detect and address hepatotoxicity in a timely manner. If hepatic abnormalities are detected, hepatotoxic antibiotics should be discontinued and hepatopharmaceutical treatments, such as pre-protocol cyte glycol, ammonium gavage, etc., should be provided, while the diet of the patient should be adjusted to provide high heat, proteins, vitamins and low fat food to promote the rehabilitation and regeneration of liver cells.IV. Renal toxicity: risk of nephrological damage that cannot be ignoredRenal toxicity should not be overlooked when aminomal sugar antibiotics are applied in the bone. They are mainly excreted through kidneys, such as Quintain and Amikas, which accumulate in kidneys and cause damage to skin cells in kidney tubes. Patients may experience elevated levels of protein urine, blood urine, blood acetic anhydride and urea nitrogen, which can cause kidney failure in serious cases. Older persons and children are more likely to experience renal toxicity when using amino-cyanide antibiotics because of their relatively weak kidney function. In addition, a certain risk of renal toxicity may exist in the case of carbon pyroacnein antibiotics such as amphetamine and meropenan, although antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial activity is high, especially in patients with incomplete kidney function, where use requires close monitoring of renal function indicators and dose adjustments based on kidney function. During the use of renal antibiotics with renal toxicity, indicators such as blood acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen and acetic anhydride removal rates should be regularly tested and, in the event of an abnormal renal function, drug programmes should be adjusted in a timely manner, such as reduction of dose, extension of the interval between delivery or withdrawal, and, where necessary, renal substitution treatment, such as blood dialysis or peritoneal dialysis.V. Illnesses in the blood system: interference with normal blood production and condensationSome osteoporosis can have an adverse effect on the blood system, which is also common among bone patients. Clocin has been used with caution for causing serious adverse reactions to the blood system, such as regenerative obstructive anaemia. Such adverse reactions, when they occur, tend to lead to poor prognosis, which seriously affects the patient ‘ s blood-making function. In a few cases, antibiotics of the head of enzymes may affect the coagulation function, leading to longer periods of coagulation and increased hemorrhage. Medicines such as Haut Mondo inhibit the synthesis of vitamin K, which is necessary for coagulation, thus indirectly affecting the blood process. For patients who undergo osteoporosis or who are themselves at risk of coagulation functional disorders, such as older patients and those who have long-term access to anticondensive drugs, more attention should be paid to changes in blood system indicators when using these antibiotics that may affect the blood system. The blood routines are regularly examined, including indicators such as erythrocyte count, white cell count, slab count, haemoglobin, as well as indicators of coagulation function, such as coagulator time (PT), active partial coagulation time (APTT). In the event of an abnormal blood system, appropriate treatment measures, such as blood transfusions, vitamin K supplementation, and the use of anti-septic drugs, should be taken in a timely manner, and antibiotic treatment programmes adjusted.VI. Neuro-system malfeasance: diverse and complex manifestations of neurotic symptomsSome osteoporosis can cause adverse neurological reactions, with diverse and complex symptoms. Antibiotics such as quinone, e.g., left oxen fluorine, Mossa, etc., may cause dizziness, headache, insomnia, tremors and, in serious cases, may affect the normal functioning of the central nervous system, causing convulsions, mental abnormalities, etc. This is because quinone-type drugs may affect the neurotransmittance balance in the central nervous system and the excitement of neurons. Carbon pyroacne antibiotics may induce epilepsy in individual patients, especially when the lack of complete kidney function slows down drug excretion and increases in blood concentrations. In the case of osteoporosis patients with basic nervous system diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and the moderate brain, these antibiotics need to be used with greater care and to closely observe changes in the symptoms of the nervous system. In the event of an adverse neurological reaction, the relevant drugs should be discontinued and treated in accordance with the severity of the symptoms, such as anti-convulsive drugs, tranquillizers, etc., and neurological specialists should be consulted to assist in further diagnosis and treatment.The adverse effects of osteoporosis involve multiple systems and organs and take a variety of forms. In the course of the use of antibiotics, the osteoporologists must be extremely vigilant about the occurrence of these adverse reactions, strictly comply with the rules governing the use of medicines, and make a reasonable choice of antibiotics and develop individualized treatments based on the patient ‘ s individual circumstances, such as age, underlying illness, liver and kidney function. At the same time, patients who receive antibiotic treatment should be informed in a timely manner of any symptoms of discomfort in order to assess and adjust the treatment in a timely manner, to ensure that the use of antibiotics is safe and effective, to minimize the harm caused by adverse reactions and to promote the successful recovery of the bone patients.