The meaning of genetic testing.

Breast cancer treatment has entered the age of “precision”, and genetic testing plays an important role in this regard. A few of the broader genetic tools and their implications for clinical application are described below.1 1 1 geneIt is the 21 genes selected by scientists from a wide range of genes that can provide doctors with information on hormonal receptor positives and on the tumours of Her-2 negatives (the two terms can be found in the reading-text of the breast cancer pathology report for details), the extent to which they benefit from chemotherapy and the risk of relapse.Clinically, patients often ask us a question: Doctor, can I not do chemotherapy? Before the study of the 21 genes, doctors did not have much scientific basis to answer the question, so they often also led to the treatment of people who did not need chemotherapy. And today, using 21 genes as a tool, we can figure out whether the tumor is sensitive to chemotherapy, whether there is a clear difference between chemotherapy and non-doing, and then decide on the final treatment based on some other important indicators. It is clear that this will enable some patients to avoid over-treatment, reduce the pain and burden of chemotherapy and achieve the goal of “precision treatment”.Clinicians also have problems with the same risk of re-emergence when traditional indicators such as tumour size, lymphoma transfer, etc. are the same, and treatments are – fixed – good? At this point in time, 21 genetic scores can provide doctors with genetic information about the risk of tumour re-emergence, distinguishing patients with different risk of recurrence from those with higher risk of relapse, with the hope that this group will achieve better treatment.2, BRCA1/2 geneClinically, patients often ask us a question: Doctor, will my disease be inherited? Although the proportion of genetic breast cancer is not high and patients need not worry too much, this can be answered in part if the BRCA1/2 gene is available. The probability of developing breast cancer is significantly higher among the population with this genetic mutation, at a time when it is possible to test the BRCA1/2 gene for healthy family members who are related to the patient by blood. If genetic mutation is identified, close follow-up visits are required, including B super, molybdenum targets and MRIs; even the option of preventive two-sided mammography is highly controversial and unencouraged.Second, the situation of the BRCA1/2 gene is also helpful in the choice of a doctor’s treatment, for example, in cases of mutation of the gene, which may require caution on the part of a surgeon for breast-pulsing operations; in cases of mutation of the BRCA1/2 tumours are particularly sensitive to certain chemotherapy or target-oriented medications, which are more effective and may give priority to treatment.There are, of course, many other genetic tools available for breast cancer treatment, and it is believed that as research deepens, genetic testing will become more advanced and will benefit more patients.