The “personalization” strategy in the treatment of lung cancer: How do you choose the most appropriate treatment for yourself?

The development of treatment strategies for lung cancer, one of the malignant tumours of high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, is critical to the patient ‘ s prognosis. As medical research continues, the treatment of lung cancer has moved from the traditional “one-size-fits-all” model to more precise “personalized” treatment. The core of individualized treatment is to tailor the most appropriate treatment to the patient ‘ s genetic characteristics, pathological type and state of health, with a view to maximizing treatment and minimizing side effects.First, genetic characteristics play a crucial role in the treatment of lung cancer. With the development of molecular biology technologies, scientists have been able to identify a variety of genetic mutations associated with the development of lung cancer. For example, the abnormal activation of the skin growth factor (EGFR) mutations, the mesogenic lymphoma lymphoma enzyme (ALK) reordering, the ROS1 reordering, etc., provide a clear target for the treatment of lung cancer. Through genetic testing, doctors can understand the molecular characteristics of the patient ‘ s tumour and thus choose to target the drug for treatment. For example, patients with EGFR mutations can use EGGFR sulfate inhibitors, such as Gibertini or Errotini, while ALK re-positive patients may benefit from ALK inhibitors, such as krautini or Alecini.Second, pathological types are also important factors in determining lung cancer treatment programmes. Lung cancer is mainly classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), of which NSCLC is further disaggregated into subtypes such as carving, gland and large cell cancer. Lung cancer varies significantly between pathological types in terms of biological behaviour, therapeutic response and prognosis. For example, the incidence of EGFR mutations and AlK retrains is higher among gland cancer patients, while scavenger cell cancer is more associated with smoking. As a result, pathological diagnosis not only helps to determine the type of lung cancer, but also provides an important basis for subsequent therapeutic decision-making.In addition to genetic characteristics and pathologies, the general state of the patient ‘ s health is a factor that cannot be overlooked in individualized treatment. Doctors usually use health scoring (e.g. ECOG) to assess the overall health of patients. More radical treatment options, such as surgical removal, root treatment or high-intensity chemotherapy, may be available for patients with better physical capacity. In the case of patients with poor physical capacity, more moderate treatments, such as palliative treatment, low-dose chemotherapy or target-oriented treatment, may be needed to reduce the burden of treatment.In the practice of individualized treatment, the role of multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) cannot be minimized. MDTs are usually made up of oncologists, surgeons, excursors, pathologists, video doctors and nursing staff, who discuss the patient ‘ s condition and develop the most appropriate treatment. In addition, MDT adapts its treatment strategy in a timely manner to the patient ‘ s response and evolving condition, ensuring continuity and effectiveness.In addition to targeted treatment, immunisation treatment has been an important breakthrough in the area of lung cancer treatment in recent years. Immunosuppressants such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 can activate the patient ‘ s immune system and increase its ability to attack tumour cells. These drugs have shown significant efficacy in some patients, especially those with high PD-L1 expression. However, not all patients react to immunisation treatment, and biomarker testing before use is necessary.In sum, the individualized treatment of lung cancer is a complex and fine process, requiring a combination of genetic characteristics, pathologies, physical condition and therapeutic responses. Through accurate diagnosis and collaboration of multidisciplinary teams, doctors are able to develop the most appropriate treatment for each patient, thus improving the effectiveness of treatment and improving the quality of life of the patient. As medical technology continues to improve, future individualized treatment of lung cancer will become more accurate and efficient, giving patients more hope.