Rectal cancer is a malignant tumour occurring in the rectal, which is the last part of the bowel, located inside the pelvis and connected to the anal tube. Symptoms of rectal cancer may include constipation, defecation, persistent diarrhoea or constipation, abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort, and weight loss.
Epidemiology
The cause of rectal cancer, which involves the interaction of multiple factors, is not yet fully clear. It is recognized, however, that the occurrence of rectal cancer is a complex process involving multiple steps, stages and multiple genes. They include genetic factors, dietary factors, digestive tract diseases, chemical carcinogens and other factors such as lifestyle, environmental pollution, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and psychological stress.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of rectal cancer usually takes place through rectal fingering, colonoscopy, CT scan, MRI or PET scans. These tests help to determine the location, size and stage of the tumor and provide a basis for developing appropriate treatment programmes.
Recommended treatment for the guide
The treatment of rectal cancer depends on the patient ‘ s specific circumstances, including the location, size, stage and state of the patient ‘ s health. The following is a guide for the treatment of rectal cancer:
1. Surgery
o Surgery is the main treatment for rectal cancer. Surgery is the preferred treatment for early rectal cancer patients.
o The procedure consists of local excision, root and palliative surgery. Partial excision applies to patients with early and smaller tumours; root hysterectomy is designed to completely remove the tumor and its surrounding tissue for the purpose of healing; palliative surgery is used mainly for late-stage patients, mainly to alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life.
2. Treatment
O-therapeutic treatment is a method of killing cancer cells using high-energy rays, which can be used as an auxiliary treatment before and after the operation, as well as for patients who cannot operate.
O The treatment is divided into external and internal exposures, with the specific method to be selected according to the patient ‘ s condition.
o Pre-operative treatment reduces tumours, increases surgical cision rates and reduces local relapse rates; post-operative treatment is used in cases where pre-operative treatment is not available and post-operative pathologies have a higher risk of local re-emergence; palliative care relieves the symptoms of late or relapse patients.
3. chemotherapy
chemotherapy is a method of killing cancer cells by drug, which can be used as an auxiliary treatment before and after the operation, as well as for patients in advanced stages.
Commonly used chemotherapy drugs include Osaliprip, calcium folic acid, fluorine, Ilitecon, etc.
o The chemotherapy programme includes assisted chemotherapy, new assisted chemotherapy and palliative chemotherapy. Auxiliary chemotherapy is used to increase the survival rate of patients following the root operation; new Auxiliary chemotherapy is used before the operation to reduce the tumor and increase the surgical utectomy rate; and palliative chemotherapy is used for patients who are unable to carry out the root surgery at a later stage to control the progress of the tumor and to extend the duration of life.
4. Target treatment
O-target treatment is a treatment for specific target points for cancer cells, which can improve treatment and reduce side effects.
O-target treatment requires the selection of appropriate drugs based on the patient ‘ s condition and genetic results.
5. Immunization treatment
O Immunisation treatment kills cancer cells by activation of the patient ‘ s own immune system.
O Immunisation treatment is gradually being applied in recital cancer treatment and has had some effect.
In the light of the above, the treatment of rectal cancer requires a combination of approaches and individualized treatment programmes. Patients should actively cooperate with the doctor ‘ s treatment programme during the treatment process, taking care to observe and adjust their physical condition. At the same time, good mentalities, a reasonable diet and appropriate exercise also contribute to improving the effectiveness of treatment and quality of life.
