In modern medicine, surgery is a common treatment. However, pain during the operation is inevitable. In order to alleviate the suffering of the patients, medical doctors invented narcotic drugs. This paper provides detailed information on the principles, classification, application and importance of narcotic drugs in surgery.
I. Rationale for the functioning of narcotic drugs
The narcotic drugs cause temporary loss of pain, consciousness and muscle activity, mainly by affecting the nervous system. Its rationale can be divided into the following:
1. Interrupting the transmission of pain signals: Pain is caused by the irritation of the aching nerve endings by the pain substance released by the damaged tissue (e.g. prostates, dysentery, etc.). Anaesthesia can reduce pain by preventing the effects of the pain.
2. Oppression of the cortical function of the brain: Anaesthesia can affect the cortex ‘ s perception and treatment of pain signals and reduce the patient ‘ s sensitivity to pain.
3. Repression of the central nervous system: Some narcotic drugs inhibit the functioning of the brain and the spinal cord, leaving the patient in an anaesthesia and thus losing the feeling of pain.
4. Interrupting the transmission of nervous muscles: Anaesthesia, such as muscle laxity, can prevent the movement of nervous impulses to the muscles, so that the muscles are not constricted and have a loose effect.
Classification of narcotic drugs
Depending on the mode of operation and use, narcotic drugs can be classified as follows:
1. All-body anesthesia: the whole-body anesthesia is divided into inhalated anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia. Inhalation of anaesthesia such as nitrous oxide, fluorine, inhaled through the respiratory tract, acts in the central nervous system and puts the patient into anaesthesia. An intravenous drug such as propaphenol, itomite, etc., enters the body through an intravenous injection, with rapid overall anesthesia.
2. Local anaesthesia: Local anaesthesia, i.e., Lidocaine, Dinka, etc., are used for local anaesthesia, which temporarily disrupts the transmission of nervous impulses and deprives the patient of local pain. Local anesthesia is often used in skin, mucous membrane and shallow surgery.
3. Neuro-detoxins: Neuro-detoxins such as Bubikaine, Rozhokain, etc., produce local anesthesia by injection around the nerve, disrupting neuro-deployal transmission. Neural retardants are applied to larger-scale operations such as body, torso, etc.
Muscular laxants: Muscular laxants such as amberyl choline, Micocalammonium, etc., which relax muscles by blocking the transmission of nerve muscles, thus facilitating surgery. Muscle relaxants are often used in combination with whole-body anesthesia.
Use of narcotic drugs in surgery
1. Pre-operative sedition: In order to reduce stress and reduce the risk of surgery, pre-surgery is often provided with tranquilizers, such as Tishipam and Midaram.
2. Anaesthesia in surgery: Select the appropriate narcotic drugs, depending on the type of operation and the patient ‘ s condition, so that the patient can enter an anaesthesia. Full body anesthesia, local anesthesia and neurodetoxin can be applied flexibly according to the needs of the operation.
3. Post-operative pain: After the operation, the patient may experience pain. In order to alleviate the suffering of the patient, painkillers, such as morphine, fentanyl etc., are often given after the surgery.
IV. Importance of narcotic drugs
1. Reducing the suffering of the patient: During the course of the operation, the narcotic drugs can be effective in reducing the pain of the patient and increasing the comfort of the operation.
2. Safety of surgery: Anaesthesia can ease the body ‘ s muscles and reduce the risk of surgery. At the same time, it also reduces the physical stress of the patient and facilitates the operation.
3. Improving the effectiveness of the operation: A good anaesthesia helps the surgeon to operate accurately and improves the success of the operation.
4. Promotion of post-operative recovery: Post-operative painkillers can alleviate patient suffering and facilitate post-operative recovery.
Safe use of narcotic drugs
1. Strict control of adaptability: the choice of appropriate narcotic drugs, depending on the type of operation and the patient ‘ s condition.
2. Individualized drugs: the dose of narcotic drugs is adjusted to take account of the age, weight and kidney function of the patient.
3. Monitoring vital signs: During the operation, the vital signs of patients are closely monitored to ensure safe use of narcotic drugs.
4. Prevention of complications: Active prevention of drug-related complications such as nausea, vomiting, allergies, etc.
5. Post-operative follow-up: follow-up of patient recovery after surgery, timely adjustment of painkillers to ensure patient safety.
In short, narcotic drugs play an important role in operations. Understanding the principles, classification, application and safe use of narcotic drugs contributes to the success of operations and to the safety of patients. As medical technology continues to develop, the variety and effectiveness of narcotic drugs will continue to improve, providing better treatment experiences for surgical patients. I’m sorry.
