They know all about the new antibiotics.

Summary: This paper aims at the application of new antibiotics in the general respiratory sciences. New types of antibiotics are emerging as bacterial resistance becomes more acute. It will describe the types of common infections in respiratory medicine, the types of new antibiotics, their mechanisms, their scope of application, their use and the importance of their rational application. It will help readers to understand the new types of antibiotics in respiratory medicine, promote their rational use in clinical treatment and reduce the risk of resistance.I. Types of common infections in the respiratory systemRespiratory infections are clinically common and can be classified as upper and lower respiratory infections. Upper respiratory infections include common flu, acute nasal inflammation, tonsile inflammation, mostly caused by viruses such as nose viruses, coronary viruses, etc., but may also be followed by bacterial infections, common bacteria including soluble streptococcus and pneumocococcus. Lower respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, are more complex, and pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, terraforms and chlamydia, can cause disease. In the case of bacterial infections, pneumocococcus is one of the major infectious diseases of community access to sexually transmitted pneumonia. In addition, influenza haemophilus influenzae, catamola, golden grapes, and some gland vaginal bacterium, such as Bronze Green Sphinx, Ethioccus, can also cause severe lung infections in specific cases, especially among patients who have acquired pneumonia in hospitals or have basic diseases and have low immune functions.II. Types and mechanisms of action of new antibiotics(i) New antibiotics for β-neamide1. Carbon cyanide antibiotics- These antibiotics are ultra-spectrum resistant to microbacterial activity and have a strong antibacterial effect on most grelan-positive, grelan-vaginal and anaerobic bacteria. For example, amphibian, meropenan, etc. The mechanism of action is to kill bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. They combine with penicillin (PBPs) in the bacterial membrane, hindering the synthesis of cell walls and leading to the death of bacterial cells. Carbon pyroacnectoxin is a good antibacterial activity for various resistant strains, such as intestinal bacteria that produce ultra-species β-nimidease (ESBLs), raiscobacteria other than methoxoxoxoxoxoxin and anaerobic bacteria, and plays an important role in the availability of pneumonia for severe hospital infections and multi-drug resistant infections.2. New varieties of sepsis- Like head borol. Capricorn is broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with better antibacterial activity for gerland positives, including methoxysilin-coloured grapes (MRSA), and also antibacteria for gerland cacteria, such as haemophilus influenzae, catamola, etc. It also operates by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. It is combined with penicillin on the walls of bacterial cells, which interferes with the synthesis of cell glucose, thus depriving the bacterial cells of their integrity and ultimately of their death. This new type of sepsis has some application value in the treatment of respiratory infections, such as pneumonia, in the community, especially for those at risk of drug-resistant infections.(ii) New quinone-type antibioticsA new generation of quinones, such as Mossi salsa.- Mossi Shasat has a strong antibacterial activity in the form of gland positives, gland vaginal bacteria, anaerobics and atypical pathogens, such as chlamydia, chlamydia and legionella. Its mechanisms of action are mainly to suppress bacteria’ DNA, to rotate enzymes (bacterium expulsion isomerase II) and to expand isomerase IV, to prevent the reproduction of bacteria’ DNA and thus to achieve microbicide. It is widely used in community access to the treatment of pneumonia because it can cover a wide range of pathogens common to pneumonia, be it typical pneumococococcal or infections caused by atypical pathogens, and the Mosisa Star can play a role, with high bioavailability, ease of use of oral preparations and better patient dependence.(iii) New antibiotics for sugar1. To replace Kolanin- Kolanin is an antibiotic of glycol, mainly for the treatment of gland positive bacterial infections, especially highly sensitive to methoxysilin yellow grapes (MRSA). Its mechanism of action is to disrupt the integrity of the bacterial cell wall by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, by combining it with the bacterial cell wall precursor D-propamyl-D-propamine at the end of the slurry, and by preventing the extension and interconnection of the peptide chain, thereby altering the pressure of the inoculation of the bacterial cell wall and eventually leading to the death of the bacteria. In the respiratory sector, there are better treatments for infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis caused by MRSA, and the relatively low renal toxicity of kolanin compared to the traditional smelt antibiotic vancomicin is gradually being highlighted in clinical applications.(iv) New antibiotics of the oxenone1. Linazine- Rinetamine has a strong antibacterial activity for gland positive bacteria, including MRSA and VRE. Its mechanism of action is unique in that it prevents the formation of 70S initial complexes by inhibiting the initial stage of the synthesis of bacterial proteins, and by combining them with the bacteria 50S nuclei, thus inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial proteins and eventually leading to the death of bacteria. Respiratory infections caused by drug-resistant ngland positives, such as hospital access to sexually transmitted pneumonia and respiratoryly relevant pneumonia, are of major importance, especially for those with severe infections of other antibiotic resistance drugs, and Linazine is often one of the important treatment options.III. Scope of application of new antibiotics(i) Community access to pneumonia (CAP)1. Penicillin or first-generation enzymes remain the preferred option for young adults with non-basic conditions when considered as typical pathogen infections, such as pneumonia streptococcal infections. However, if there is a drug resistance risk or a combination of atypical pathogen infections, new types of quinone, such as Mosisa, or new types of sepsis, may be more appropriate.Empirical treatment may be used for new combination formulations such as quinone, β-neamamine/beta-enamide inhibitors (e.g. amoxicillin/clavic acid) or carbon cyanide antibiotics, as a result of possible exposure to drug-resistant or atypical pathogens, after the pathogen has been identified.(ii) Hospital access to pneumonia (HAP)1. Patients with early onset HAP (four days in hospital) and without multiple resistance risk factors may opt for the use of head enzymes or quinone-type antibiotics.2. Patients with late onset HAP (inpatient > 4 days) or multiple resistance risk factors (e.g. long-term hospitalization, use of broad-spectral antibiotics, acceptance of mechanical ventilation, etc.) often require the use of new types of antibiotics that are resistant to the activity of multiple resistance bacteria, e.g., carbon methacne, sub-coranin (in the case of gland positive bacteria, which may be MRSA), Linazine (in the case of ngland positive bacteria, such as MRSA or VRE) and are treated on the basis of the possible combination of pathogens in the use of other antibiotics or antifoxin.(iii) Other respiratory infections1. In the case of acute bronchitis, antibiotics are generally not required in the case of viral infections; in the case of subsequent bacterial infections, antibiotics, such as β-neamide, may be selected on the basis of common pathogens. New types of antibiotics, such as Mosisa, may be considered for use, if they are suspected of being drug-resistant or atypical pathogens.2. For acute increase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), treatment with a combination of new types of quinone, β-indomide/beta-indomide inhibitor or carbon-acryllene-antibiotics may be used if evidence of bacterial infection exists and consideration is given to possible infections in resistant or atypical pathogens, in order to control the infection as soon as possible, mitigate the symptoms of the patient and reduce the occurrence of complications.IV. Attention to new antibiotics(i) Monitoring of adverse effects1. New types of β-neamide antibiotics, such as carbon cyanide, may cause adverse reactions to the central nervous system, such as convulsions, especially among patients with incomplete kidneys, so that the nervous system symptoms of patients are closely monitored in the course of use and dose adjustments are required for patients with reduced kidney function.2. New types of quinone antibiotics can lead to adverse effects such as mystic inflammation and fissures, especially among older patients who are at higher risk of cortex hormones. Patients who experience symptoms such as joint or muscular pain during use should stop and be assessed in a timely manner. In addition, the quinone category may cause an extended EKG period, which is carefully monitored when used by patients with heart disease.3. Although the new type of antibiotic sugar peptide is relatively low in renal toxicity, there is a need to monitor the kidney function, especially when it is used on a long-term basis or when it is shared with other substances that may affect the kidney function.4. The new antibiotic oxenone-type lynetamine may cause bone marrow inhibition, such as reduced slabs, anaemia, etc., regular monitoring of blood routines during use, and at least once a week, general check-up of whole blood count to detect and address possible adverse reactions to the blood system in a timely manner.(ii) Drug interaction1. Carbon acrylic alkyl antibiotics can reduce the concentration of acetate blood, leading to poor control of epilepsy, and therefore neither should be shared. If common use is necessary, the concentration of acetate blood should be closely monitored and the dose adjusted.2. A combination of quinone-like antibiotics with antiacids, iron agents, etc., containing aluminum, magnesium and other metal ions can affect their absorption and reduce their efficacy. Co-exposure should therefore be avoided and, if necessary, anti-acid drugs should be taken before the quinone-type drugs are taken 2 hours or 6 hours later.3. When combined with antidepressants such as 5-Hyperamine re-ingestion inhibitor (SSRI), the risk of 5-HYP syndrome may be increased, and it should be used with caution and closely observed whether the patient has any associated symptoms, such as mental state change, autoneurological disorders, nervous muscle abnormalities, etc.(iii) Drugs for special population groupsChildren: Children should be particularly careful when using new antibiotics. For example, antibiotics such as quinone are generally not recommended for use in children under 18 years of age, as they may affect their cartilage development. Accurate calculations and adjustments based on age, body weight, etc. are also required for the use of carbon acne antibiotics in children, while the adverse effects are closely monitored.2. Older persons: older persons are more vulnerable to adverse effects when new antibiotics are used as a result of reduced liver and kidney function, reduced drug metabolism and excretion. In the course of drug use, the dose is adjusted to the liver and kidney function, while the monitoring of adverse effects is enhanced. In the case of the use of precipitin antibiotics, there may be a need to reduce the dose or to extend the interval between drugs; more attention should be paid to regular changes in blood during the use of drugs that are susceptible to bone marrow inhibition, such as Linazine.3. Pregnant and lactating women: Pregnant women should avoid, to the extent possible, the use of new antibiotics, especially in the early stages of pregnancy. If they have to be used, the trade-off needs to be made. For example, antibiotics of quinone are banned during pregnancy because of possible adverse effects on the bone development of the foetus. In the case of breast-feeding women who use new antibiotics, it is important to consider whether the drug affects the health of the baby through breast milk. In the case of lactating women whose safety is not clear, lactation is suspended for use.V. Importance of rational application of new antibioticsAs new antibiotics continue to emerge, rational application is particularly important. Unreasonable use of antibiotics leads to a rapid increase in bacterial resistance and the gradual elimination of otherwise effective antibiotics. For example, overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics can screen drug-resistant strains, which spread in the hospital environment or in the community, make the treatment of infection more difficult, prolong patient hospitalization, increase medical costs and even lead to death. In the respiratory sector, the rational application of new antibiotics enhances treatment effectiveness, reduces the occurrence of adverse reactions and reduces the risk of the creation and spread of drug-resistant bacteria. Doctors should select appropriate antibiotics based on a combination of factors such as the patient ‘ s condition, the possible type of pathogens infected, local bacterial resistance, etc., and be guided by the principles of correct drug use, treatment, etc. At the same time, patients are required to cooperate with doctors, to refrain from self-abuse of antibiotics, to learn about their use, to work together to maintain their effectiveness and to safeguard public health.In general, the application of new antibiotics in respiratory sciences offers more options for the treatment of respiratory infections, but in their use there is a need to be fully informed about their types, mechanisms of action, scope of application, care, etc., to ensure their rational, safe and effective application in order to better respond to respiratory infectious diseases and to reduce the global health threats posed by bacterial resistance.