Total prevention of anaesthesia complications for older patients
With the rapid development of health care, an increasing number of older groups have the opportunity to improve their quality of life or to continue their lives through surgical treatment. However, due to the gradual deterioration of their physiology, the risk of complications following anaesthesia is also relatively high. In order to help raise awareness of these risks and to prevent them effectively, the following is a detailed account of the complications that may arise from anaesthesia of older patients and their specific preventive measures.
Overview of post-aesthetic complications for older patients
Respiratory distress.
The reduction of pulmonary activity of older persons and the increase in respiratory genres have led to a high risk of respiratory barriers, lung infections, lung failure and respiratory failure after anaesthesia. These problems not only cause additional suffering to patients, but may also extend their post-operative recovery and hospitalization periods.
Cardiovascular system challenge
Aging patients suffer from reduced heart function, reduced myocardial contraction, insufficient vascular elasticity, often associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. In the course of anaesthesia, patients may be exposed to cardiovascular events such as cardiac disorders, myocardiosis and abnormal fluctuations in blood pressure, further increasing the risk.
Central nervous system effects
As a result of the reduction in brain blood flow among older persons and the reduction of the auto-regulating function of the cerebrovascular vessels, there is a risk of central nervous system problems such as cognitive disorders, pretences and loss of cognitive function following anaesthesia. These problems may affect patients ‘ mentalities, memory abilities and have a profound impact on their rehabilitation and quality of life.
Metabolism and endocrine imbalance
The operation, as a strong physical stress, triggers large amounts of hormones in the body, such as adrenalin and cortisol. In contrast, lower metabolic rates, reduced liver and kidney function and reduced metabolic and excretion capacity for narcotic drugs can lead to metabolic and endocrine complications such as blood sugar fluctuations and electrolyte disorders. II. Prevention strategies for post-aesthetic complications for older patients
Precision assessment and personalized anaesthesia planning
Prior to anaesthesia, the doctor makes a thorough assessment of the patient, covering medical history, medical examination and laboratory examination, and provides a comprehensive picture of the patient ‘ s state of health. Based on the results of the assessment, doctors develop individualized anesthesia programmes, which are precisely selected for narcotic drugs and dosages, with the aim of reducing the risk of complications.
Exactly choosing anesthesia.
Depending on the patient ‘ s specific condition and the needs of the operation, doctors carefully select appropriate anesthesia, such as local anesthesia, internal anesthesia or general anesthesia. In the case of high-risk patients, relatively safe anaesthesia, such as regional retardation or neurostabilization, is preferred.
Closely monitored and managed.
During the operation, the doctor closely monitors the vital signs of the patient and promptly detects and properly addresses any anomalies. For high-risk patients, the risk of anaesthesia is further reduced by technical means such as phased anaesthesia, low-temperature anaesthesia, etc. At the same time, doctors pay particular attention to the interaction of drugs and avoid the use of drugs that may increase the cardiovascular burden.
Aftercare and Rehabilitation Guidance
After the operation, doctors strengthen care for patients, including vital signs monitoring, pain management, prevention of complications, etc. Special care such as EKG, blood and gas analysis is also available for high-risk patients. Medical personnel regularly follow up to see if there are post-operative haemorrhages, infections, etc., and intervene in a timely manner.
Pain management: Post-operative pain is one of the complications of anaesthesia, and medical personnel assess the extent and nature of the pain of the patient, use appropriate painkillers and delivery methods and provide non-pharmacological pain relief to effectively relieve the pain of the patient.
Psychological care: Post-operative pain can cause not only physical discomfort but also psychological stress and anxiety. Medical personnel are concerned about the mental state of the patient, providing the necessary psychological support and counselling to help the patient to ease anxiety.
(b) Strengthening health education and rehabilitation programmes: doctors provide in-depth health education to older patients and their families on the need for anaesthesia, safety and potential risks. Prior to the operation, the doctor clearly informs the patient and his family of possible complications and obtains informed consent. After the operation, the doctor guides the patient and his/her family to rehabilitation exercise and life care to reduce the incidence of complications.
Eating and resting: After an operation, the patient should follow the doctor ‘ s dietary guidance, choose food that is easy to digest and avoid stimulating food. At the same time, adequate sleep and rest are guaranteed to facilitate rapid physical recovery.
Exercises and activities: under the direction of a doctor, the patient is required to carry out a gradual process of rehabilitation, such as deep breath, cough, body activity, etc., in order to promote full physical recovery.
Through comprehensive assessments, the development of individualized anaesthesia programmes, the choice of appropriate anaesthesia methods, close monitoring and management in the operation, and after-care and rehabilitation guidance, we can significantly reduce the incidence of post-aesthesia complications among older patients and improve the overall safety of the operation. May every patient of advanced age be able to undergo surgery and make a smooth transition to rehabilitation.
Anaesthesia.
