Neonatal pneumonia is one of the most common serious infectious diseases in the neonatal period, mainly caused by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens. Since the neonatal immune system is not yet fully developed, the incidence of pneumonia is high and progresses rapidly, and failure to receive timely treatment can lead to serious complications and even life-threatening risks. This paper will elaborate on the symptoms, treatment and prevention of neonatal pneumonia.
I. Symptoms of neonatal pneumonia
Clinical performance of neonatal pneumonia varies according to the type of pathogen, route of infection and severity of the disease. Early identification is particularly important as the symptoms of the newborn are often unusual.
(i) Respiratory symptoms
1. Respiratory rush: The rapid increase in respiratory frequency (>60 per minute) is one of the early manifestations of neonatal pneumonia.
2. Respiratory difficulties: manifested in nasal sedition, tridents (on top of the rib, on top of the collarbone and in the larvae) and moaning.
Coughing or coughing: Some newborns may have slight coughing, but the symptoms are not apparent.
4. Hair: In serious cases, there may be lip or quadritic hair, suggesting oxygen deficiency.
(ii) All-body symptoms
1. Heat or body temperature: Some newborns may show low or low temperature, especially premature births.
2. The difficulty of feeding: in the form of insinuation, lack of milk or vomiting.
3. Changes in mental state, such as sleep addiction, retardation or irritation.
4. Aggravated yellow haze: Pneumonia may be associated with an increase in yellow haze in some newborns, especially in the case of infectious haze.
(iii) Other symptoms
Heart rate abnormal: There may be an excess or a slowdown.
2. Abdominal swelling: Some newborns may experience abdominal swelling or reduced intestine cortexation.
(iv) Special performance
1. Intrauterine pneumonia: most of the cases occur within hours of birth, in the form of severe respiratory distress, dysentery and all-body symptoms.
Inhalation pneumonia: As a result of inhalation of sheep water or foetal suffocation, often accompanied by a history of asphyxiation, manifested in respiratory difficulties and wet pulmonary sound.
II. Treatment of neonatal pneumonia
Treatment for neonatal pneumonia is based on anti-infection, support for treatment and treatment of the disease, and is based on the type of pathogen, the severity of the disease and the individual circumstances of the newborn.
(i) Anti-infection treatment
1. Bacteria pneumonia:
Empirical antibiotics: Before a pathogen can be identified, broad-spectral antibiotics, such as penicillin joint amino sugar (e.g., Amica) or head bacterium (e.g., head spines), are often selected.
Targeted treatment: Antibiotics are adapted to blood or bacterium cultures, and common pathogens include B streptococcus, coliformella, etc.
2. Virus pneumonia:
Antiviral drugs: such as the use of Libavirin for respiratory hysteria virus infection and the use of Azurove for herpes virus infection.
Immunization support: Immunoglobins can be considered for serious cases.
Fungi pneumonia:
The most commonly used drugs are sexcin B or fluorine, which are applied to newborns with low immune functions or with long-term broad spectrum antibiotics.
(ii) Support for treatment
1. Oxygen therapy: Oxygen treatment should be provided to newborns with low-oxygen haematosis, using high-flow nose catheters or mechanical ventilation if necessary.
2. Nutritional support: maintenance of the energy needs of newborns through breastfeeding or intravenous nutrition support.
Liquid management: Adjusting the intake of liquids to the condition to avoid over-refilling of pulmonary oedema.
(iii) Treatment
Reheating: Physical cooling or drugs (e.g. for acetylaminophenol) may be used for hot newborns.
Zirconium: Helping with the removal of sapling fluids by inductive or mistified inhalation (e.g., physicosaline water).
3. Correcting the algebraic imbalance: In cases of severe oxygen deficiency or metabolic disorders, the algebraic balance should be corrected in a timely manner.
(iv) Treatment of complications
1. Non-pulmonary or pulmonary haemorrhage: Respiratory support needs to be strengthened and, if necessary, a bronchial lens check is required.
Sepsis: In the case of co-infection, antibiotic treatment should be strengthened and hemodynamic changes monitored.
III. Prevention of neonatal pneumonia
The prevention of neonatal pneumonia should begin in many ways during pregnancy, childbirth and the neonatal period, reducing the risk of infection.
(i) Prevention during pregnancy
1. Management of gestational infections: expectant mothers should undergo periodic birth tests, screening and treatment of intrauterine infections (e.g. B streptococcus, megacell viruses, etc.).
2. Healthy lifestyles: Pregnant women should maintain good nutritional status and avoid smoking, alcohol abuse and exposure to infectious sources.
3. Prevention of premature births: reduce the incidence of premature births and reduce the risk of neonatal pneumonia.
(ii) Prevention during childbirth
1. Bacillus-free operations: In the course of childbirth, sterile practices should be strictly observed to reduce the risk of infection in newborns.
2. Water management of sheep: treatment of contamination of sheep water in a timely manner to avoid inhaling of foetal sap.
3. Anatomy signs: For high-risk pregnant women (e.g. foetal distress, serious contamination of sheep water), cervix delivery may be considered.
(iii) Neonatal prevention
Breastfeeding: Breast milk is rich in immunosuppressive factors that enhance the resilience of newborns to infection.
2. Cleanness: attention to skin, oral and umbilical care of newborns to avoid infection.
3. Avoiding cross-infection: reduce neonatal contact with infected people, especially in hospital settings.
Vaccination: immunization against BCG, hepatitis B, etc.
(iv) Special preventive measures
1. Management of high-risk newborns: In the case of premature or low-birth-weight children, custody should be strengthened and, if necessary, immuno-protein or preventive antibiotics given.
2. Prevention of respiratory infections: Avoiding exposure of newborns to densely populated areas during the influenza or respiratory virus epidemic season.
Concluding remarks
Neonatal pneumonia is a common and serious infectious disease in the neonatal period, with early symptoms that are not typical and easily neglected, and therefore early identification and timely treatment are essential. Through reasonable anti-infection treatment, support for treatment and treatment of the disease, the majority of newborns are well prepared for pneumonia. At the same time, improved management during pregnancy, sterile management during childbirth and care during the neonatal period are key measures to prevent neonatal pneumonia. Medical personnel and parents should give high priority to the prevention and treatment of neonatal pneumonia in order to reduce its morbidity and mortality rates and to ensure the healthy growth of newborns.
Neonatal pneumonia
