Intrabian anaerobic infections are clinically common and complex types of infection, and because of the unique conditions in the abdominal environment, multiple aerobics are often mixed with anaerobic bacteria, which can cause serious complications and even endanger life if they are not treated in a timely and effective manner. The treatment strategy for intraperitoneal anaerobic infections is described below.
I. Antibacterial treatment
(i) Drug selection, for abdominal anaerobic infections, a drug with strong antibacterial activity against anaerobic bacteria should be chosen. Metrazine is a classic drug for the treatment of anaerobic infections, which has a significant effect on most anaerobics, particularly vulnerable fungi, and can better penetrate the abdominal tissue. Nitropics act in a similar way to mitraz, but have relatively few adverse effects and can also be used as a common option. Clinicillin is good antibacterial for anaerobic fungus and part of the fungi, but it is ineffective for hard-to-work snorkels and can be applied in combination in some abdominal infections. In addition, the combinations of β-neamide/beta-neamide inhibitors, such as Amosicillin/Clavic acid, Zolasicillin/Tazabatan, are not only resistant to aerobics but also have better coverage of anaerobics, which can be used for the treatment of mixed infections. Antibiotics such as carbon pyroacnectoxin such as aminobenan and meropenan have a very wide spectrum of antibacterial effects on the vast majority of abdominal pathogens, including multi-drug-resistant anaerobic bacteria, and are applied in cases of severe intrabdominal anaerobic infections or antibacterial infections.
(ii) dosage and treatment
The dose is determined on the basis of the patient ‘ s severity, age, weight, liver and kidney function. For example, during the treatment of abdominal infections, the first dose for general adults was 15 mg/kg and the maintenance dose was 7.5 mg/kg per 6 – 8 hour intravenous drip. Treatment sessions are usually long, ranging from 7 to 10 days for mild intraperitoneal anaerobic infections; moderate infections may take 10 to 14 days; and severe infections, such as amperal peritonealitis and absema, may be extended to 14 to 21 days or more. In the course of treatment, changes in clinical symptoms, signs and indicators for laboratory examinations (e.g. blood protocol, C reaction protein, calcium calcium, etc.) need to be closely observed to assess the effectiveness of the treatment and determine whether it needs to be adjusted.
II. Surgery
Surgery often plays a key role in the treatment of intraperitoneal anaerobic infections. In the case of abscess formation in the abdominal cavity, such as an abscess in the appendix, abscess in the liver and abscess in the abdomen, abscess septosis and abscess in the abdominal cavity shall be performed in a timely manner, through which the sepsis is excreted, the tissue defamation is removed, the bacterial load in the abdominal cavity is reduced and the infection is prevented from spreading further. In cases of further anaerobic infections and serious conditions, such as appendicitis, cholesterol noma, etc., which hinders further anaerobic infections, an appendicectomy, cystectomy, etc., is required to remove the source of the infection. During the operation, the abdominal cavity should be cleaned as thoroughly as possible to reduce bacterial residues. In some cases, active anti-infection treatment may require multiple procedures to detect the abdominal cavity to ensure effective control of intraperitoneal infections.
III. Support for treatment
(i) Liquid recovery and nutritional support
Patients with anaerobic infections in the abdominal cavity often suffer from loss of body fluids and electrolyte disorders due to symptoms such as heat, vomiting, diarrhoea, etc., and therefore require timely liquid recovery, supplementing physicosal saline water, balancing saline solutions, etc., and correcting dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. At the same time, adequate nutritional support should be provided because of the high level of decomposition metabolism and increased nutritional needs of patients with infectious stress. For people with oral feeding, high heat, high protein, vitamin-rich and digestible foods can be given; for those who are unable to eat orally or under-edged, nutrients, such as amino acids, fat milk, glucose, vitamins, trace elements, etc., can be replenished through nasal feeding or extra gastrointestinal nutrients to maintain a positive nitrogen balance, enhance immunity and promote tissue repair and healing.
(ii) Organ function support
Severe intraperitoneal anaerobic infections may cause multi-organ functional impairment syndrome (MODS) and therefore require close monitoring of and support for the organ function of patients. In case of respiratory impairment, i.e. acute respiratory disorders, low-oxiosis, etc., oxygen should be administered and, if necessary, mechanically aerobic support should be provided; in case of kidney impairments, i.e. less urine, less urine, increased haemoecinosis, etc., access must be accurately recorded, and renal substitution treatment (e.g., blood dialysis, peritoneal dialysis, etc.) should be applied, as appropriate; in case of shock, treatment against shock should be provided quickly, including blood capacity supplementation, vascular activity, etc., in order to maintain blood injections of vital organs.
IV. OTHER TREATMENT MEASURES
(i) Cervical immersion
Following surgery or stinging through the skin, abdominal immersion can be used to further remove bacteria, toxins and necrosis from the abdominal cavity. The irrigated fluid normally uses a physicosal water or a solution containing antibiotics (e.g., Quintacolin, Metrazine, etc.), slowly dripping into the abdominal cavity through the abdominal cavity cavity and then extracting it. Abdominal immersion reduces to some extent the occurrence of viscosm and residual infections in the abdominal cavity, but attention is to be paid to the strict application of the sterile principle in the operation to prevent medically transmitted infections.
(ii) Application of fungi
In the later stages of treatment of anaerobic infections in the abdominal aerobics, when the use of antibacterial drugs leads to intestinal discomfort, the fungi can be appropriately supplemented, e.g., amphibian fungi, acidic lactus, etc. Beneficiary bacteria contribute to the restoration of normal intestinal fungus structure, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, enhancing intestinal barriers and reducing the risk of intestinal bacterial transfer and secondary infections. However, the application of the fungi needs to be separated from the antibacterial drug for some time so as not to affect its efficacy.
Treatment of anaerobic infections in the abdominal cavity requires a combination of antibacterial treatment, surgical treatment, support treatment and other complementary treatments. In the course of treatment, individualized treatment programmes should be tailored to the specific circumstances of the patient, with close observation of the effects of treatment and timely adjustment of treatment strategies to improve the cure rate and reduce the incidence of complications and mortality.
