Upper respiratory infections are common, multi-prevalence diseases in children and one of the major illnesses for paediatricians in any medical institution
The high incidence of respiratory infections in children, one of the most common diseases in paediatric clinicals, may have a certain impact on the physical, mental and developmental well-being of children. As a paediatrician, in long clinical practice, I am accumulating some understanding of the treatment of respiratory infections in children. Respiratory infections in children are usually caused by viruses such as nasal viruses, influenza viruses, sub-influenza viruses and, in a few cases, by bacterial infections such as streptococcus and pneumocococcus. Symptoms range from nose plugs, aldicarb, cough, ingesting, fever, etc. As children are not yet fully developed in terms of their physiological characteristics and immune systems, their response and resilience to infection are different from that of adults, and the treatment process needs to be more careful and nuanced. Detailed medical history collection is essential for diagnosis. An understanding of the onset, symptoms, history of exposure, past and inoculation of the child helps to clearly diagnose and determine the extent of the disease. During medical examinations, special attention is paid to the mental state of the child, the frequency of his/her breathing, the colour of his/her face, the larvae and the lung. For children with fever, the temperature is measured accurately and the temperature patterns are observed. In addition, laboratory tests such as blood routines, C-reaction proteins can help to determine whether viral or bacterial infections occur, but it needs to be noted that these results are not absolute and require a comprehensive analysis of clinical symptoms. In terms of treatment, the treatment of children with milder symptoms is usually based on the treatment of the symptoms. For example, in cases of fever, physical or drug cooling may be provided depending on body temperature. Physical cooling methods include hot water for bathing, cooling head, etc. When body temperature exceeds 38.5 °C, the use of deheating drugs such as acetaminophenol or brofen may be considered. In cases of severe nasal plugs and fluorine, physicosal water can be used to drop or spray noses in order to reduce the filament and oedema of the nasal mucous membranes. Coughing is one of the common symptoms of respiratory infections in children, and if it does not affect the sleep and diet of the child, coughing is generally not recommended, since cough itself is a protective reflection that helps to excrete the secretion of the respiratory tract. When coughing has a severe impact on the lives of children, cough control drugs can be used under the direction of a doctor. There are no special anti-viral drugs available for upper respiratory infections caused by viral infections, and the routine use of antiretroviral drugs is not recommended. In the case of upper respiratory infections caused by bacterial infections, such as septic tonsilitis, which is specifically associated with streptococcal infections, timely treatment with antibiotics is required, commonly known as penicillin, headgillin, etc. In the use of antibiotics, the adaptive certificate is strictly in place and the principle of rational use is followed to avoid the misuse of antibiotics leading to the creation of resistant bacteria. In addition to drug treatment, care for infants is important. Maintaining indoor air flow with appropriate temperature and humidity contributes to the recovery of the respiratory mucous membrane of the affected child. Increased rest for sick children and adequate sleep are conducive to increased immunity. In terms of diets, children are given fresh, digestible food and water to supplement their water and nutrition. Attention also needs to be paid to the identification and diagnosis of other diseases in the treatment of respiratory infections in children. For example, early symptoms of certain infectious diseases may be similar to upper respiratory infections such as measles, pox, red fever, etc. In addition, diseases such as allergy nasal and nasal inflammation may have similar symptoms, requiring careful examination of the history of the disease and relevant examinations to avoid misdiagnosis. The prevention of respiratory infections in children should also not be overlooked. Strengthening children ‘ s nutrition and ensuring a balanced diet would help to increase physical resistance. The timely implementation of vaccinations, such as influenza and pneumonia vaccines, can effectively prevent infection from the respective pathogens. The development of good hygiene practices for children, such as hand washing, avoiding hand rubbing of eyes and nose, can also reduce the risk of infection. In general, respiratory infections in children are common in paediatric clinical settings, and the treatment process requires a combination of symptoms, signs, laboratory results and individual differences. As paediatricians, we must focus not only on the treatment of diseases but also on prevention and care in order to ensure the healthy development of children.
