“Turnal Breast Cancer Treatment”

IntroductionBreast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in women, while triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a problem in breast cancer treatment because of its unique biological characteristics and lack of specific targets for treatment. TNBC accounts for 15% – 20% of all breast cancers, characterized by estrogen receptor (ER), pregnancy hormone receptor (PR) and human skin growth factor receptor (HER2) are negative. In the absence of these common treatment targets, traditional endocrinological and anti-HER2 targeting treatments are ineffective for TNBC and other effective treatments need to be explored.II. Characteristics of triple-negative breast cancer1. Biological characteristics• High intrusiveness: TNBC is usually highly intrusive, tumours are growing rapidly and can easily be moved at an early stage.• Heterogeneity: TNBC has a high heterogeneity at molecular levels, and tumours in different patients may have different genetic mutations and biological behaviour.• Lack of specific treatment targets: TNBC lacks common treatment targets such as ER, PR and HER2, compared to other types of breast cancer, which renders traditional endocrine treatment and anti-HER2 treatment ineffective.2. Clinical performance• Young age: TNBC patients are usually younger than other types of breast cancer.• Large tumours: TNBC tumours tend to be larger at the time of diagnosis and may be associated with high tumour infestation and early transfer.• Poor prognosis: due to the lack of effective treatment, TNBC patients usually have poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer.III. Diagnosis of triple-negative breast cancerClinical performance and video screening• Breast swelling: The most common clinical manifestation of TNBC is breast swelling, which is usually hard, border unclear and low activity.• Breast ultrasound: breast ultrasound is one of the methods used to screen and diagnose breast cancer, and can be seen in the size, form, boundary, internal echoes, etc.• Mammoth target: the mammoth target can detect small calcified stoves, which are important for early detection of breast cancer.• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): MRI can provide more detailed information on breast tissue, which can be important for the diagnosis and phasing of TNBC.Pathological examinations• Precise needle piercing: The procrastination test is a simple, rapid pathological examination method for cytological diagnosis of tumor cells.• Pulsive examination: the Pulsive examination provides more access to oncological tissues for tissue diagnosis and immunisation.• Surgical hysteria: for patients suspected of TNBC, surgical hysteria is the gold standard for a clear diagnosis.3. Immunization cluster analysis• ER, PR and HER2 testing: the expression of ER, PR and HER in tumour tissues is tested through immunisation analysis to determine whether it is TNBC.• Detection of other biomarkers: In addition to ER, PR and HER 2, other biomarkers, such as Ki-67, p. 53, can be detected, which can provide information on tumour biology and prognosis.IV. Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer1. SurgeryBreastectomy: Breastectomy is a common treatment for early TNBC patients. Breastectomy completely removes tumour tissue and reduces the risk of local recurrence.Breast-puffing: Breast-puffing can retain the appearance and function of the breast for TNBC patients who meet the conditions for breast-puffing, while achieving treatments similar to breast-cutting. Breast-painting operations usually need to be combined with therapeutic treatment.2. Treatment• Post-operative treatment: for TNBC patients undergoing mastectomy or breast protection, post-operative treatment reduces the risk of local recurrence. Post-operative treatment usually starts four to six weeks after surgery and lasts five to six weeks.Pre-operative treatment: For TNBC patients, pre-operative treatment reduces the size of tumours and increases the surgical removal rate. Pre-operative treatment usually starts two to four weeks before surgery and lasts four to five weeks.3. chemotherapy• Auxiliary chemotherapy: for early TNBC patients, post-operative assisted chemotherapy can reduce the risk of diversion and increase survival. Auxiliary chemotherapy usually starts four to six weeks after the operation and lasts four to six months. Commonly used chemotherapy programmes include joint applications of rims and sprouts.• Newly assisted chemotherapy: For partially advanced TNBC patients, newly assisted chemotherapy can reduce the size of the tumour and increase the surgical estration rate, while also assessing the tumour sensitivity to chemotherapy. Newly assisted chemotherapy is usually performed prior to surgery and lasts between 4 and 6 cycles. Commonly used chemotherapy programmes include joint applications of platinum, octopus and platinum.Target treatment• Anti-vascular production treatment: vascular production is an important part of the growth and transfer of tumours, which inhibits tumour vascular development and transfer. Currently, the only anti-vascular drug approved for use in TNBC treatment is the Bénédération Monopoly, which is used in conjunction with chemotherapy.• PARP inhibitor: PARP inhibitor is a new type of target-oriented therapy that leads to tumour cell death by inhibiting PARP enzyme activity in tumour cells. Currently, PARP inhibitors, such as Orapali and Tarappali, have been approved for treatment of TNBC patients with a genetic mutation at BRCA.5. Immunization treatment• Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants are a new type of immunotherapy drug that enhances the immune system’s ability to attack tumour cells by inhibiting oncological cell inhibitions. At present, immunosuppressants such as Pablo and Atjole have been approved for treatment at TNBC, usually in conjunction with chemotherapy.Oncological vaccine: Oncological vaccine is a treatment for attacks on tumour cells through activation of the immune system. A number of clinical trials of the TNBC oncology vaccine are currently under way and are expected to provide new treatment options for TNBC patients.V. The strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer1. Early TNBC treatment strategySurgery: Surgery is the preferred treatment for early TNBC patients. Breast-cutting or breast-puffing can be selected according to the patient ‘ s specific circumstances.• Post-operative assisted chemotherapy: post-operative assisted chemotherapy reduces the risk of diversion and increases survival. Commonly used chemotherapy programmes include joint applications of rims and sprouts.• Rehabilitation: For those who have undergone breast-feeding, after-surgery can reduce the risk of local relapse. Post-operative treatment may also be considered for high-risk patients, such as larger tumours, lymphoma transfer, etc.2. Part-time TNBC treatment strategy• Newly assisted chemotherapy: Newly assisted chemotherapy can reduce the size of tumours and increase the surgical estration rate, while also assessing the tumour sensitivity to chemotherapy. Commonly used chemotherapy programmes include joint applications of platinum, octopus and platinum.• Surgical treatment: Based on the neoplasm of the new assisted chemotherapy, suitable surgical methods, such as mastectomy or breast protection, are chosen.• Post-operative complementary chemotherapy and treatment: Post-operative complementary chemotherapy and treatment can reduce the risk of local relapse and remote transfer.3. Transferred TNBC treatment strategy• chemotherapy: chemotherapy is the primary treatment for transmissible TNBC. Commonly used chemotherapy programmes include the joint application of drugs such as rims, violets, platinum and Gisitabin.Targeting treatment: PARP inhibitors can be an effective treatment option for patients with genetic mutation at BRCA. Anti-vascular production treatment and immunosuppressants can also be applied in conjunction with chemotherapy to improve treatment effectiveness.Support for treatment: Transferred TNBC patients usually need support treatment such as pain relief, nutritional support, psychological support, etc. to improve the quality of life of patients.VI. Progress in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer1. Development of new target-oriented therapeutic drugs• Antibodies (ADC): ADC is a new type of drug that connects antibodies with cytotoxics, which can be used to transport cytotoxics to tumour cells, improve treatment and reduce the side effects. A number of clinical trials of TNBC ADC drugs are currently under way and it is expected that new treatment options will be available for TNBC patients.• Chessamase inhibitor (TKI): TKI is a drug that is transmitted by inhibiting tumour cell activity, disrupting tumour cell growth and breeding signals. A number of clinical trials of TNBC TKI drugs are currently under way and are expected to provide new treatment options for TNBC patients.2. Progress in immunization treatment• Joint application of immunosuppressants: joint application of immunosuppressants with drugs such as chemotherapy and target-oriented treatment can increase the effectiveness of treatment and prolong the life of patients. A number of clinical trials are currently under way for combined treatment of immunosuppressants.• Research and development of new immunotherapy drugs: In addition to immunosuppressants, new immunotherapy drugs under development include oncology vaccines, cell therapy etc., which are expected to provide new treatment options for TNBC patients.3. Development of precision medicine• Molecular stratification: through molecular stratification of TNBC, it is possible to better understand the biological behaviour and prognosis of tumours and to provide a basis for the development of individualized treatment programmes.• Genetic testing: Genetic mutations in TNBC patients can be detected to provide a basis for targeting and treatment. For example, patients with a genetic mutation of BRCA can choose PARP inhibitor for treatment.VII. PROVIDING AND FOLLOW-UP OF THROUGH CRAMA1. Post-project factors• The size and duration of the tumour: the larger the tumour, the later the tumour, the worse the prognosis.lymph nodes transfer: lymph nodes transfer is one of the major factors behind TNBC ‘ s prognosis, and the more lymph nodes move, the worse the prognosis.• Organizational grade: the higher the organizational grade, the lower the forecast.• Molecular spectrometry: Different molecular spectrometrys have different prognostics, such as sub-genetics, which are usually different from other sub-types.Follow-up visits• Purpose of follow-up visits: The purpose of follow-up visits is to detect the recurrence and transfer of tumours in a timely manner, to intervene at an early stage and to improve the survival and quality of life of patients.• Follow-up visits: these include medical history inquiries, medical examinations, breast ultrasound, mammograms, chest CT, abdominal ultrasound, etc. For high-risk patients, bone scanning, skull MRI etc. can also be performed.• Follow-up time: every 3 – 6 months within 2 years; every 6 – 12 months after 3 – 5 years; and every year after 5 years.ConclusionsThe three-negative breast cancer is a subtype of highly invasive and heterosexual breast cancer and lacks effective treatment. At present, a variety of treatments such as surgery, treatment, chemotherapy, target treatment and immunotherapy play an important role in the treatment of TNBC. With the development of new target-to-treatment drugs, advances in immunotherapy and the development of precision medicine, the treatment prospects for TNBC will be much broader. At the same time, early diagnosis, regulation of treatment and regular follow-up are essential for improving the survival and quality of life of TNBC patients. Breast cancer