The cholesterococcal helix is relatively common in clinical practice, with Hp infection rates varying from region to region and from country to country, with different treatment principles and varying levels of treatment. As a result, with respect to the incurable cholesterol, which is a common definition worldwide, our country has decided, mainly on the basis of the principles recommended by Hooveren, that the following conditions are to be met: (1) three or more failures of treatment under the “Standard IV treatment” in the “consensus” within two years; (2) 10 to 14 d per treatment; (3) completion of the full course of treatment under the “consensus” requirement for each treatment; and (4) examination of the stomach mirror prior to the treatment, in conformity with the medical adaptation certificate. 1.2 Epidemiological characteristics differ from Hp re-infection rate due to regional, individual, etc. An analysis of the meta shows annual re-emergence rate of 4.3 per cent and re-infection rate of 3.1 per cent for Hp worldwide. As a developing country with a large population, Liu Zongxia and others found that Hp had been successfully eradicated from the 721 cases included, the rate was 8.7 per cent within three years. However, studies such as Zhou have found that the rate of re-emergence of the urban population after 1 year of Hp treatment is low at 1.75 per cent, but the rate of re-emergence and re-infection rates in rural areas is not yet clear. RHPI may be related to the geographical environment of the population, economic conditions, educational attainment, health conditions, individual differences, etc. 1.2.1 Hp re-infection Hp re-infection is a new Hp strain after Hp has been successfully eradicated. Hp successful eradication means more than four weeks after treatment of a stoppage and meets one of the following conditions: (1) negative of 13C or 14C UBT; (2) negative of Hp antigens for faeces; and (3) negative of diarrhea for an endoscopy with at least two stomach mucous tissues. 1.2.2 Hp relapse means the re-emergence of the original Hp strain in the patient, which, after incomplete eradication treatment, has been reduced by adverse factors to a globalized form, and the increased expression of toxicity in the spherical form as a diagnostic mark for the identification of Hp during morphological transformation. The spherical Hp is a viable but non-breeding state that can be relocated to other parts, re-growing after a period of time and capable of detection, and occurs earlier than re-infection, and the form of Hp is closely related to its toxic effects. In the stomach tissue, living spherical forms can be lurking for long periods of time and retaining a poison factor, which may also lead to the failure and recurrence of treatment for RHPI and gastrothal mellitus. 1.2.3 The distinction between Hp re-infection and recurrence is susceptible to confusion between Hp re-infection and relapse, and the clinical difference in the time of detection of Hp infection, mainly through eradication. Hp was found to have re-emerged as Hp within one year of its successful eradication, and if Hp was found more than one year after its successful eradication, Hp was known as Hp re-infection. Because of the many reasons for the Hp test, it is determined by time to be relapse and re-infection that there is no uniform gold standard. If RHPI is re-infected or re-emerged, it is essential that molecular biology be tested, and the stability of the genotype and the slight genetic variation of the strain on the macro array will prove re-infection or re-emergence. Molecular biology based on DNA and proteomics can identify the causes of repeated infections. It is therefore recommended to test the genotype to distinguish between re-infection and recurrence, a technique that is currently mainly applied in scientific research and is not yet widely available in clinical terms.
Patients are best served by early prevention, timely response, and tailored individualized and accurate treatment programmes. At present, Hp infection is considered to be the leading cause of stomach cancer in China, and its elimination can reduce the risk of stomach cancer and effectively prevent it. In the future, diagnostic techniques based on molecular biology and the treatment of drug-resistant genetic targets and the exploration of Hp vaccines will need to be strengthened.
