Understanding anaesthesia: rationale and mechanisms of action

In modern medicine, anaesthesia is an irreplaceable technology that allows patients to undergo various types of surgery and medical treatment in pain-free, comfortable conditions, which significantly increases the comfort of treatment. For most people, however, the principles and mechanisms of the anaesthesia are a mystical area, and let us then lift the mystical veil of anaesthesia.First we need to understand, what’s anesthesia?Anaesthesia, in short, i.e. temporary loss of pain, touch, temperature, etc. in surgery or other medical operations, by means of drugs and other methods. At this stage, there will also be changes in the patient ‘ s consciousness, leading to painlessness, safety and comfort.Depending on the extent and manner of the anaesthesia, anaesthesia can be divided into local anaesthesia, regional anesthesia and general anesthesia.Local anaesthesia: The most common drugs, such as docán, Bubicain, are injected directly into the vicinity of the surgery, rendering the position unperceptive, such as the local immersive anesthesia used when pulling teeth. Principle: The drug is mainly used in the surrounding nervous system, which organises neurodynamic transmissions, preventing the neurological endpoint from transmitting pain signals to the brain. Regional anaesthesia: Disturbing a certain part of the body through neurotransmission, often with epidural anesthesia and aluminum, often used for birth pain and lower limb surgery. Principle: Same as local anesthesia. The whole-body anesthesia, e.g., isopropanol, fluorine, etc., has caused the patient to lose all consciousness and feelings, including inhalation of anesthesia and intravenous anesthesia, which are often used for most operations such as cardiac surgery, lung surgery, digestive surgery, etc. Principle: The whole body of anaesthesia can function in several parts of the central nervous system, including the cerebral cortex, the cortex, the hypothalamus, etc., which can affect the release and functioning of neurotransmitters, alter the excitement of neurons and lead to loss of consciousness, oblivion, pain, etc.Thus, the principle of anaesthesia is largely achieved by interfering with the functioning of the nervous system, which is the human information-transmitting system, which is responsible for transmitting the various sensory signals from the outside to the centre, and the narcotic drugs can act in different parts of the nervous system, thus blocking or altering the transmission of a nervous signal.The basic principles of anaesthesia are followed by an introduction to the mechanism of anaesthesia.Mechanism I: Loss of consciousnessThe whole body of anesthesia, e.g., ethers, heptafluorones, etc., inhibits brain cortex activity and renders it unconscious. The drug enters the blood cycle through pulmonary bubbles, eventually reaches the brain, binds to neurons membrane receptors and changes their electrons, thus inhibiting neuron activity. In the case of an intravenous drug, propyrophenol is used to increase inhibitive neurotransmitters by influencing the GABA receptor in the brain, resulting in loss of consciousness.Mechanism II: PainAnaesthesia can act as a separate link in the nervous system in which pain can be mitigated or eliminated. For example, opioids such as morphine and fentanyl can be combined with opioid receptors in the spinal cord and brain to inhibit the transmission of pain signals; and non-inflammatory drugs such as Brophen and acetaminophenol can reduce pain generation and transmission by inhibiting prostate synthesis. Activation mechanism III: Muscles loose.In order to facilitate the operation and reduce the complications associated with the operation, it is necessary that the patient’s muscles be relaxed, while anesthesia can interrupt the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles by connecting with the active neuromuscular muscles, which can lead to muscle laxity.Role IV: ForgettingAnaesthesia can also lead to the oblivion of patients during anaesthesia, preventing them from reminiscent of the painful experiences of the operation and significantly reducing their psychological trauma.It is believed that a better understanding of the principles and mechanisms of the anaesthesia will lead to a better understanding of its importance in the medical field. At the same time, the patient and his/her family can be more comfortable and more comfortable with the operation.