Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases refer to a series of diseases caused by heart and brain vascular problems, including coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension and so on. With the change of modern lifestyle, the incidence of these diseases is increasing year by year, and it has become one of the main causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to popularize the knowledge of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and help the public to improve their health awareness, so as to effectively prevent and manage these diseases. 1. What are cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases?
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases mainly include the following categories:
1. Coronary heart disease, also known as ischemic heart disease, is caused by insufficient myocardial blood supply due to coronary atherosclerosis, resulting in angina pectoris or myocardial infarction.
2. Stroke (cerebral apoplexy): It is divided into ischemic stroke (cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism) and hemorrhagic stroke (cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage) according to the etiology.
3. Hypertension: Long-term elevated blood pressure will increase the burden of the heart, brain and kidney, leading to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
4. Atherosclerosis: atherosclerotic plaques are formed by lipid deposition in the arterial wall, leading to vascular stenosis or even occlusion.
5. Heart failure: The heart is unable to pump blood effectively, resulting in insufficient blood supply to various organs of the body.
2. Risk factors
of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases The occurrence of
cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is related to many risk factors, including:
1. Hypertension: Persistent hypertension is one of the most important risk factors.
2. Hyperlipidemia: High levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood can lead to atherosclerosis.
3. Diabetes mellitus: The risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in diabetic patients is significantly increased.
4. Smoking: Harmful substances in tobacco can damage the inner wall of blood vessels and promote atherosclerosis.
5. Obesity: Overweight and obesity increase the risk of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
6. Unhealthy eating habits: High salt, high fat and high sugar diet can increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
7. Inactivity: a sedentary lifestyle can lead to obesity and metabolic syndrome.
8. Genetic factors: Family history is also an important risk factor.
3. How to prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases? Prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should start with improving lifestyle and managing health risk factors:
1. Eat a healthy diet: Eat more vegetables, fruits, whole grains and high-quality protein, and reduce the intake of salt, sugar and saturated fat.
2. Regular exercise: Do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise every week, such as brisk walking, swimming, cycling, etc.
3. Quit smoking and limit alcohol: Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake can help reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
4. Weight control: maintain a healthy weight and avoid obesity.
5. Regular physical examination: monitor blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar levels, and timely detect and deal with health problems.
6. Manage psychological stress: learn to reduce stress and maintain mental health.
4. Treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases The treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases includes drug treatment, surgical treatment and lifestyle intervention:
1. Drug therapy: Commonly used drugs include antihypertensive drugs, lipid-lowering drugs, antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulant drugs.
2. Surgical treatment: For severe vascular stenosis or occlusion, coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty or stent implantation may be required.
3. Lifestyle intervention: Even while receiving medical and surgical treatment, we must adhere to a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of disease recurrence.
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Conclusion
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are preventable and under control, through a healthy lifestyle and regular physical examination, we can significantly reduce the risk of morbidity. I hope this article can help you better understand cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and actively take preventive measure to improve your health. Pay attention to your own health, from now on, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and enjoy a healthy life.
Other specified cerebrovascular diseases Cardiovascular disease unspecified
