On the stage of life, the brain is undoubtedly one of the most important “protagonists”. However, when the “uninvited guest” of critical cerebral hemorrhage comes quietly, it may pose a great threat to our lives. Today, let’s have a thorough understanding of critical cerebral hemorrhage and add strength to the protection of life.
First, what is critical cerebral hemorrhage?
Cerebral hemorrhage, as its name implies, refers to the rupture of blood vessels in the brain and the overflow of blood into the surrounding brain tissue. Critical cerebral hemorrhage refers to a situation with large blood volume, serious illness and a major threat to life.
Normally
, the blood vessels in the brain are like fine “channels” responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the brain. But when something causes a blood vessel to burst, blood rushes into the brain tissue under pressure. This is like a sudden “flood” that floods parts of the brain in an instant and destroys normal neurological function.
2. What are the causes of critical cerebral hemorrhage?
1. Hypertension
Hypertension is one of the most important causes of critical cerebral hemorrhage. Long-term high blood pressure can make the walls of blood vessels fragile, like an overstretched rubber band, which can break at any time. When blood pressure rises suddenly, such as during emotional excitement, strenuous exercise or forced defecation, fragile blood vessels are prone to rupture, causing cerebral hemorrhage.
2. Cerebral vascular malformation
Some people are born with cerebral vascular malformations, which are like “time bombs” in the brain. Cerebral vascular malformations include arteriovenous malformations and cavernous hemangiomas. These malformations have abnormal vascular structure and are prone to rupture and bleeding.
3.Aneurysm
An aneurysm is a localized bulge in the wall of a blood vessel, like a small balloon blown up. When an aneurysm ruptures, it can cause a lot of blood to gush out, triggering a severe brain hemorrhage.
4. Coagulation dysfunction
If there is a problem with the coagulation function of the body, the blood will not be easy to coagulate, which will also increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Some diseases, such as hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and the use of certain drugs, may lead to coagulation disorders.
5.Trauma
Severe
head trauma, such as car accidents, falls, impacts, etc., may also lead to cerebrovascular rupture, causing cerebral hemorrhage.
3. What are the symptoms of critical cerebral hemorrhage?
1. Severe headache
This is one of the most common symptoms of critical cerebral hemorrhage. Headaches are often very intense and unbearable, like someone banging a drum in their head. This headache may come on suddenly and continuously.
2.Vomiting
Because cerebral hemorrhage can cause increased intracranial pressure and stimulate the vomiting center, patients often have vomiting symptoms. Vomiting may be frequent or even spouting.
3. Limb weakness or numbness
Brain hemorrhage may affect the control of the brain over the body, resulting in weakness or numbness in one limb. Patients may find that they cannot move their arms or legs normally, or feel like they are being pricked by a needle.
4. Speech disorder
If cerebral hemorrhage affects the language center, the patient may have difficulty expressing, speaking clearly or not speaking at all.
5. Disturbance
of consciousness Patients with
critical cerebral hemorrhage often suffer from disturbance of consciousness, such as coma, lethargy, unconsciousness and so on. The degree of disturbance of consciousness is related to the amount of bleeding and the location of bleeding. The greater the amount of bleeding and the more critical the location of bleeding, the more serious the disturbance of consciousness.
6. Eye symptoms
Patients may have eye symptoms such as anisocoria and eye movement disorders. This is because bleeding in the brain may compress the nerves that control the movement of the eye.
4. What is the harm of critical cerebral hemorrhage?
1. Life-threatening
Critical cerebral hemorrhage is dangerous, when the amount of bleeding is large, it may quickly lead to a sharp increase in intracranial pressure, the formation of cerebral hernia, compression of the brain stem and other important life centers, thus endangering life. Without timely and effective treatment, the mortality rate of patients is very high.
2. Risk
of disability
Even if the patient’s life is saved after rescue, it is likely to leave a serious disability. For example, hemiplegia, the patient’s side of the body may lose the ability to move, the need for long-term rehabilitation; aphasia, the patient may not be able to speak normally, communication becomes difficult; cognitive impairment, the patient’s memory, thinking ability may be seriously affected.
3. Psychological impact
Critical cerebral hemorrhage not only brings great harm to the patient’s body, but also causes serious psychological trauma to the patient. Patients may feel anxiety, depression and inferiority because of their illness, and these negative emotions will further affect the recovery of patients.
5. How to diagnose critical cerebral hemorrhage?
1. Clinical signs
.
The doctor will make a preliminary judgment based on the patient’s symptoms, signs and medical history. If the patient has severe headache, vomiting, limb weakness, speech disorder, consciousness disorder and other symptoms, the doctor will highly suspect the possibility of cerebral hemorrhage.
2. Imaging examination
In order to confirm the diagnosis, doctors usually perform CT or MRI examination of the head. These examinations can clearly show the location, extent and amount of cerebral hemorrhage, and provide an important basis for the formulation of treatment plans.
6. What are the treatments for critical cerebral hemorrhage?
1. General treatment
(1) Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed: For coma patients, clean up the secretion of the respiratory tract in time to prevent asphyxia. Tracheal intubation or incision may be required if necessary.
(2) Control blood pressure: Excessive blood pressure can aggravate cerebral hemorrhage, so it is necessary to control blood pressure. However, blood pressure should not be too low, so as not to affect cerebral perfusion.
(3) Reduce intracranial pressure: Cerebral hemorrhage can lead to increased intracranial pressure, requiring the use of dehydration drugs, diuretics, etc. To reduce intracranial pressure and prevent the occurrence of cerebral hernia.
(4) Maintain water-electrolyte balance: Patients may suffer from dehydration and electrolyte disorders, and need to replenish water and electrolytes in time.
2. Surgical treatment
(1) Craniotomy: For patients with large amount of bleeding and severe illness, craniotomy may be required to remove hematoma and reduce intracranial pressure.
(2) Minimally invasive surgery: In recent years, minimally invasive surgery has been more and more widely used in the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. Minimally invasive surgery has the advantages of small trauma and quick recovery.
3. Rehabilitation treatment
After in stable condition, patients with
cerebral hemorrhage need rehabilitation treatment to promote the recovery of limb function and language function. Rehabilitation therapy includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and so on.
7. How to prevent critical cerebral hemorrhage?
1. Control blood pressure
Hypertensive patients should take antihypertensive drugs strictly according to the doctor’s requirements, measure blood pressure regularly, and control blood pressure within a reasonable range.
2. Healthy lifestyle
Maintain good living habits, such as reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and avoid overwork.
3. Regular physical examination
Especially for people with high risk factors such as hypertension, cerebrovascular malformation and aneurysm, regular physical examination should be carried out to detect and deal with potential risks in time.
4. Avoid emotional excitement and excessive exertion
.
Keep your mind calm and avoid getting too excited. When defecating and carrying heavy objects, we should avoid excessive exertion.
In a word, critical cerebral hemorrhage is a serious disease threatening life and health. We should fully understand its harm, understand its symptoms and treatment methods, and actively take preventive measure to protect the life and health of ourselves and our families.
Cerebral hemorrhage
