Type 2 diabetes is a common chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency. This disease usually affects adults, but has become more common among children and adolescents in recent years.
Type 2 diabetes has complex mechanisms, mainly related to insulin resistance and insulin insufficiency. Insulin is a hormonal from pancreas, which helps body cells to absorb glucose as a source of energy and to stabilize blood sugar levels. When the body’s response to insulin is reduced, insulin resistance occurs and blood sugar is unable to enter the cell effectively, resulting in increased blood sugar levels. In addition, as conditions develop, pancreas may not continue to generate enough insulin to compensate for this resistance, leading to a relative insulin shortage.
Risk factors for type 2 diabetes include obesity, lack of exercise, bad eating habits, genetic factors, age growth and family history. Obesity is particularly an important risk factor, as excessive abdominal fat increases physical resistance to insulin. In addition, ethnic background and the history of pregnancy diabetes are potential risk factors.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes may not be apparent, but common symptoms include drinking, urine, thirst, body weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of wounds, skin itching, etc. These symptoms are often not easily detectable at the early stages of the disease, and therefore regular medical examinations and blood sugar surveillance are important.
The diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is based on blood sugar level tests, including an empty abdominal sugar test, a glucose hemoglobin (HbA1c) test and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Of these, diabetes can be diagnosed at HbA1c levels of more than 6.5% or an empty abdominal sugar 7.0mmol/L, or OGTT 2 hours ablution of 11.1mmol/L. If type 2 diabetes is not controlled in a timely manner, it can cause a number of serious complications, such as heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, retinasis and neurological damage. These complications not only affect the quality of life of patients but may also endanger life.
The key to preventing and managing type 2 diabetes is healthy lifestyle adjustment. It is recommended to maintain healthy eating habits, such as the choice of whole grains, skinny meat, fruits and vegetables, and to limit the intake of sugar and saturated fats, while increasing physical activity, reducing the number of sitting hours and conducting a campaign of at least 150 minutes ‘ medium intensity per week. In addition, the maintenance of healthy weight, the cessation of alcohol and tobacco and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels are important preventive measures.
Treatment of type 2 diabetes includes lifestyle changes and medication. Changes in lifestyles such as healthy diets, routines and diets can significantly improve insulin sensitivity. In the area of drug treatment, commonly used oral drugs include peptide, which reduces liver sugar production and increases tissue sensitivity to insulin. More severe cases may require insulin injection to control blood sugar levels.
Overall, understanding the causes, symptoms, diagnostic methods and prevention and management measures of type 2 diabetes is essential for early detection and effective treatment. Through healthy lifestyles and appropriate medical interventions, the conditions can be effectively controlled and complications reduced.
