Updated 2024 treatment guide for lung cancer
Pneumoccal cancer (pneumoccal cancer) is a common type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for about 30 per cent of all lung cancer. The latest pulmonary cancer treatment guide, 2024, integrates the latest scientific findings and clinical experience, with the aim of providing patients with more precise and personalized treatment options. The guide covers the diagnosis, phasing, treatment and follow-up management of lung cancer.
I. Diagnosis of lung cancer
Clinical symptoms
Clinical symptoms of lung cancer include:
– Cough: Continuous cough, accompanied by blood.
– chest pain: When cancer affects the chest wall or nerve, it causes local pain.
– Respiratory difficulties: The tumor obstructs the airway or infringes the lung, causing respiratory difficulties.
– Decline in body weight and indigence: these are common symptoms of late cancer.
2. Visual inspection
The 2024 guide recommends the use of a low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) as an early screening tool, especially for high-risk groups with a history of smoking and lung cancer. CT is able to effectively identify pulmonary knots and help to determine the location, size and transfer of the tumor.
Pathological diagnosis
Pneumoccal cancer does require a pathological examination. The guide notes that bronchoscopy and pulmonary pulmonary perforation are two common pathological sampling methods. The tumour type can be further clarified through chromosomalisation by the immunisation group, where lung cancer is commonly expressed as a p63 and CK5/6 marker.
4. Molecular pathology
Although genetic mutations driven by lung cancer are rare, the guide recommends genetic testing in certain specific cases. In particular, late-stage patients may be tested at PD-L1 expression levels to help in the choice of immunotherapy programmes.
II. Phased lung cancer
Pneumonic cancer follows the TNM phased system, i.e. according to the size of the tumor and the degree of inoculation (T), lymphocytes transfer (N) and remote transfer (M). The 2024 guide emphasizes the importance of phasing in treatment strategies.
Early (phase I): Tumours are confined to the lungs and no lymphoma transfer.
– Partial progress period (II-III): Tumours have violated local tissues or lymph nodes.
– Late (IV): There are long-range transfers such as bone, brain, liver, etc.
III. Treatment of lung cancer
1. Surgery
The 2024 guide recommends that surgery remains the preferred treatment for early lung cancer. For patients in stages I or II, especially when tumours are limited to lung leaves, lymphomy is standard treatment in the joint area of pulmonary folic circumcision. For patients who cannot withstand pulmonary folic mutilation, wedges are recommended.
2. Radiotherapy
The guide recommends the use of stereodirected radiotherapy (SBRT) for early pulmonary cancers that cannot be operated. It can provide high doses of radiation within a relatively small number of treatments, with a high degree of local control. Synchronized chemotherapy is a common option for patients with partial progress.
3. chemotherapy
The 2024 Guide continues to emphasize that the dual platinum-containing chemotherapy programme is a front-line treatment for lung cancer. Common programmes include UFO or Gisitabin. For high-risk post-operative patients, supplementary chemotherapy is recommended to reduce the risk of relapse.
Target treatment
Despite the relatively small number of gene mutations driven by lung cancer, the guidelines recommend the use of new target-oriented drugs for a few specific mutations such as FGFR and PI3K. Based on the results of genetic tests, doctors may choose the most appropriate target-oriented treatment based on the patient ‘ s genetic characteristics.
5. Immunization treatment
The level of expression of PD-L1 among lung cancer patients is an important reference indicator for determining immunization treatment. The 2024 Guide recommends that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, such as Pablo or Navulillo, can be used as a first-line treatment option for late patients with high PD-L1. Immunization treatment is also a viable option for those who are terminally ill with no aim mutations.
6. Comprehensive treatment
The 2024 guide places special emphasis on the importance of individualized treatment. For patients with lung cancer at different stages and with different genetic characteristics, a combination of surgical, therapeutic, chemotherapy, target-oriented treatment and immunotherapy should be used to achieve optimal treatment.
IV. Follow-up management of lung cancer
Post-treatment follow-up visits are essential for lung cancer management. The Guide recommends that:
– CT inspections every three to six months during the first two years.
– Two years later, every 6 to 12 months, until five years.
– Five years later, a follow-up visit may be conducted annually depending on the condition.
In addition, for patients receiving targeted or immunotherapy treatment, tumour markers, image changes and drug side effects are regularly monitored.
V. Outlook and conclusions
The treatment of lung cancer has evolved with advances in medical science and technology. The latest guide in 2024 highlighted the importance of individualized and integrated treatment, especially the rapid development of immunotherapy and target-oriented treatments, which gave new hope to late-stage patients. In clinical practice, doctors must use a combination of different methods of treatment, depending on the patient ‘ s specific circumstances, to maximize survival and improve the quality of life.
The treatment of lung cancer continues to face many challenges, but through improved clinical guidelines and the application of new drugs, it is expected that the treatment will be further improved in the future to achieve long-term control and cure of lung cancer.
Lung cancer
