The head plaster is the first-generation antibiotic type of sepsis, which is used mainly to treat a wide range of infectious diseases such as respiratory infections caused by sensitive bacteria, urinary tract infections and skin soft tissue infections. The following is a detailed version of the use of the plaster:
The type of the formulation and the specifications The head plaster is of a variety of types and commonly includes capsules, tablets, granules and injections. The specifications for capsules and tablets are generally 0.25g and 0.5g; for granules, such as 0.125g and 0.25g; and for injectors, such as 0.5g and 1g, which facilitate the use of different populations and different infections.
ii. Access to medication • Oral administration: applies to patients with mild and moderate infections, with ease of self-adsorption and after absorption of the gastrointestinal tract. The oral agent type has a good absorption effect and can enter the blood cycle relatively quickly to the infection. • Injective dripping and intravenous injection: mainly for patients with moderate-heavy infections or who are unable to take oral treatment, such as those with stomach intestinal impairments such as swallowing difficulties and vomiting. An intravenous drug enables the drug to reach a rapid and effective blood concentration and to act as a microbacterial faster.
• General: 0.25 – 0.5g per hour. For example, for respiratory infections such as mild oscillitis, tonsilitis or mild skin soft tissue infections, this dose can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens. • More severe infections: one can increase to 1 g per six hours. However, when increasing the dose, it is necessary to pay close attention to whether the patient has an adverse reaction, as the increase in the dose may increase the risk of side effects. • The daily dose does not normally exceed 4g. This takes into account the metabolic and excretion capacity of the drug in the human body, where overuse can lead to the accumulation of the drug in the body and cause toxic reactions. • Child dosage • 12.5 – 25 mg/kg per hour per weight. For example, a child weighing 10 kg was given a single dose of approximately 125 – 250 mg. This dose adjustment to the weight of the child helps to minimize the adverse effects of the drug on the child while ensuring its efficacy.
IV. Use of intravenous injections and intravenous drip injections • Adult dosages • intravenous injections: Both 0.5 – 1g drugs are normally injected with water for sterilization or 0.9% sodium chloride injections, and slow intravenous injections. This method of giving drugs can quickly enter the blood cycle, but attention needs to be paid to the fact that injections cannot be carried out too quickly, otherwise they may cause adverse effects such as local stimuli. • An intravenous drip: normally 2-4g drugs are dissolved in an appropriate 0.9 per cent sodium chloride injection or 5 per cent glucose injection and are given 2-4 times a day. For example, the 2g drug is dissolved in a drop of 200 – 300ml in 1 – 2 hours, which allows the drug to remain relatively stable in blood and to continue to function as an antibacterial. • Child dose — intravenous injection: 10 – 20 mg/kg body weight at one time, i.e., slow injection by means of an adult intravenous injection. • An intravenous drip: 20 – 40 mg/kg at weight and 3 – 4 times a day. For example, for children with a weight of 20 kg, a single intravenous drip dose of about 400 – 800 mg is also required to be dissolved in the appropriate infusion and to be dropped at an appropriate time.
V. Usage of special population groups • Kidney loss patients: For patients with kidney loss, the dose needs to be adjusted to the kidney function. The kidney function can usually be assessed by calculating acetic anhydride removal rates. If the acetic anhydride removal rate is greater than 50 ml/min, no dose adjustment is normally required; when the acetic anhydride removal rate is between 20 – 50 ml/min, the interval between the delivery of the drug needs to be extended; and when the acetic anhydride removal rate is less than 20 ml/min, the dose and the time between the delivery of the drug need to be carefully adjusted to prevent the drug from accumulating in the body. • Older persons: As the kidney function of older persons may be reduced, it is also necessary to consider the condition of the kidney function in the use of head spasms, which can generally be appropriately reduced or the interval between medications may be extended, depending on the individual’s kidney function examination. In the case of head-strangulation, the medication must be strictly in accordance with the requirements of the doctor ‘ s prescriptions and the medical instructions, and care must be taken to observe the reactions of the drug, such as those involving allergies, in a timely manner.
