We know all about the antibiotic response.

Antibiotics are widely used in clinical treatments, but sometimes cause adverse reactions. First aid measures to understand these adverse reactions can save patients ‘ lives and safety at critical times.First, allergy response first aidAllergies are the more common and critical adverse effects of clinical antibiotics. When the patient uses antibiotics, such as skin itching, measles, vascular neurological oedema, respiratory difficulties, edema of larynx and even allergic shock, immediate first aid is required.First, the use of suspected antibiotics should cease immediately. If a patient suffers from mild skin allergies, such as local rashes, itchings, the anti-montamine drugs, such as chloral tablets, and thiomers, can be given oral treatment to alleviate the symptoms. At the same time, the patient ‘ s condition changes closely to ensure that allergies do not increase.People with severe allergies, such as edema, respiratory difficulties and allergies, must be rescued in minutes. Patients should be placed in a flat, air-respiratory and, where necessary, piped or cut to ensure oxygen supply. An immediate injection of 0.1% adrenalin 0.3 – 0.5 ml, repeated every 5 – 15 minutes if necessary. Adrenalin is able to constrict the blood vessels, increase external resistance, increase blood pressure, and stretch bronchial smoothing muscles to alleviate respiratory difficulties. At the same time, an amplified liquid, such as physico-saline water or balance fluid, is rapidly established to correct the lack of circulatory blood due to shock. Sugar cortex hormones, e.g., 10 – 20 mg intravenous injections can also be given to mitigate allergy-induced inflammations. Throughout the first aid, the vital signs of the patient, such as blood pressure, heart rate, breathing etc., are continuously monitored until the patient ‘ s condition is stable.II. Corsointestinal response first aidThe gastrointestinal response caused by antibiotics is more common, such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea. When the patient is seriously vomiting, the patient should be sidelined to prevent the vomit from being misdirected and suffocated. The stomach and intestinal tract can be given rest for several hours. Subsequently, light, digestible foods, such as rice soup, porridge, etc., were gradually given according to the patient ‘ s condition. Methoxychloropamine 10 mg muscle or intravenous injections can be given if vomiting continues unabated to promote gastrointestinal creeping and to reduce vomiting.For cases of diarrhoea, care should be taken to supplement moisture and electrolyte and to prevent dehydration and electrolyte disorders. Oral rehydration salts for drinking after dilution as described. If the diarrhoea is severe and accompanied by dehydration symptoms such as dry skin, dimpled eyelids and reduced urine, timely intravenous rehydration should be provided with physico-saline, glucose, potassium chloride, etc. At the same time, anti-laxatives, such as detoxification, can be given 3 g each, three oral sessions per day, in order to absorb toxins and fungi in the intestinal tract to mitigate diarrhoea symptoms. If considered for antibiotics-related diarrhoea, such as pseudofilmary enteritis caused by hard-to-feed infections, the associated antibiotics may need to be discontinued and oral treatment given to americium or vancomicin.Hepatotoxicity first aidWhen hepatotoxic effects, such as aminosterase rise, yellow sluice, etc. are detected during the use of antibiotics, the use of suspected hepatotoxic antibiotics is first discontinued. A comprehensive liver function assessment is then undertaken, including the detection of indicators such as serocyte acetamase (ALT), grain herbal amitamase (AST), total cholesterone, direct cholesterone, alkaline phosphate, and liver ultrasound to determine the extent of liver damage.Patients are given hepatopharmaceutical treatments, such as the reduction of the protocytal cystal glycium, which protects gillases in liver cells and promotes the detoxification of liver cells, generally giving 1.2 – 1.8 grams of physicosaline 100 – 250 ml of intravenous drips per day. Glysic acid formulations such as ammonium lysergic acid, which are resistant to inflammation, hepatocellular membrane protection, etc., are also used, with a common dose of 150 mg added to 10% glucose injection fluid 250 ml of intravenous drips per day, one per day. At the same time, bed rest should be given to the patient to avoid fatigue and to provide food with high heat, protein, vitamins and low fat on the diet in order to promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells. The liver function is periodically reviewed, the recovery of liver damage is observed and the treatment programme adjusted to the recovery.IV. Emergency kidney toxicityIf the patient shows an increase in renal toxicity following the use of antibiotics, such as protein urine, blood urine, blood acetic anhydride and urea nitrogen, the relevant antibiotics should be discontinued immediately. An accurate assessment of the kidney function, the detection of indicators such as blood acetic anhydride, urea nitrogen and acetic anhydride removal rates, as well as, if necessary, kidney ultrasound, renal examination, etc., to determine the type and extent of kidney damage.The adjustment of a patient’s liquid intake to the kidney function should, in case of less or no urine, strictly control the liquid intake, in accordance with the principle of “calculation for entry” and avoid increasing the kidney burden. An initial dose of urea, such as fur sermi, may be given to 20 – 40 mg of intravenous injections, depending on the patient, to facilitate urine discharge, but care is taken to prevent excessive urea from causing electrolyte disorders. For severe renal toxicity responses, such as acute renal failure, renal substitution treatment, such as blood dialysis or peritoneal dialysis, may be required to remove toxins and excess moisture from the body and maintain internal environmental stability. In the course of treatment, the kidney function indicators, electrolyte balance and the overall condition of the patient are closely monitored and the treatment is adjusted in a timely manner.V. EMERGENCY INSPECTION OF THE HELE SYSTEMWhen antibiotics cause adverse reactions to the blood system, such as regenerative obstructive anaemia, condensation, etc., suspicious drugs should be discontinued immediately. For persons with regenerative obstructive anaemia, a comprehensive blood examination, including blood protocol, bone marrow piercing, etc., is required to assess bone marrow blood function. Patients may need blood transfusion treatment, such as red cells to correct anaemia, and slabs to prevent and treat haemorrhage. At the same time, immunosuppressants, such as anti-mural cell protein (ATG), cyclothylene and so forth, can be given to inhibit immune reactions and promote the recovery of bone marrow blood function.For patients with increased condensation time and increased hemorrhagic tendencies due to antibiotic disorders, such as condensed enzyme original time (PT), active partial condensation active enzyme time (APTT), blood plate count, etc., should be tested. Vitamin K can be replenished and vitamin K1 10 – 20 mg muscle or intravenous injections can be given to the coagulation of the hemorrhagic function due to antibiotic inhibition of vitamin K as a result of the condensation of the hemorrhage. If a patient suffers from severe haemorrhage, such as haemorrhage in the digestive tract, internal haemorrhage in the skull, there should be immediate measures to stop the haemorrhage, such as blood transfusions, the use of blood-acid substances (e.g., aminoaclysedic acid), etc., and the relevant specialists (e.g., digestive internals, neurosurgery, etc.) should be consulted for treatment.VI. neurological adverse response first aidIn the case of adverse nervous system reactions, such as dizziness, headaches, insomnia, tremors, convulsions, etc., following the use of antibiotics, the drug should first be discontinued. Symptoms such as mild headaches, headaches and insomnia can be treated, e.g. painkillers such as Brophine are given to relieve headaches, and sedatives such as Tiscilla are given to improve insomnia. In case of convulsion, the patient should immediately be flatbed and head-sided to the side to prevent vomiting. Diazepam 10 mg IV can be slowly injected to control convulsions. At the same time, the vital signs and neurological symptoms of patients are closely monitored to prevent further convulsions. If central nervous system infections or other serious nervous system complications caused by antibiotics are considered, such as an epilepsy induced by carbon acne antiphylactics and suspected of intracranial pathologies, examination of the skull CT, MRI etc. may be required and further treatment programmes may be developed by neurological or neurosurgery specialists.During the use of clinical antibiotics, medical personnel closely observe the patient ‘ s response and, in the event of an adverse reaction, quickly and accurately determine and take timely and appropriate first aid measures. Patients and family members should also be informed about symptoms of common adverse reactions and first aid in order to be able to work with medical personnel in emergency situations to minimize the risk to the life and health of the patient.