As a common eye disease, cataracts are the main means of treatment. Appropriate scientific care, both before and after surgery, is crucial for the success of the operation, for the rehabilitation of the patient and for the restoration of the vision.
I. Pre-operative care
(i) Psychological adjustment
Many patients suffer from stress and anxiety caused by a lack of understanding of the procedure and concern about its effects. Family members and health-care providers should communicate more with patients and explain to them, in a language that is easy to understand, the maturity, safety and effectiveness of cataract surgery, for example, by informing patients about the current combination of ultra-lactation cataracts, the small size of the artificial crystal implants, the rapid recovery and a significant improvement in the eyesight after surgery. Examples of successful operations can also be presented, helping patients to build confidence and reduce their negative moods, and to greet the operation with a balanced and positive mindset.
(ii) Eye preparation
Before the operation, the patient is assisted with eye cleaning, using antibiotics for eye contact, in accordance with the guidance of the medical staff, in order to clean the conjunctural bladder and reduce the risk of post-operative infections. The day before the operation, hair was washed and bathed, and the whole body was kept clean, but care was taken to avoid sewage coming into the eye. At the same time, the patient is informed to avoid eye rubbing before the procedure is performed and to prevent eye damage or increased infection.
(iii) Prepare your body
Improvement of pre-operative routines, such as blood protocol, coagulation function, liver and kidney function, EKG, etc., so that doctors can make a full assessment of the patient ‘ s state of health and determine whether the procedure is appropriate. In the case of persons suffering from general diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, etc., blood sugar and blood pressure must be kept within reasonable limits prior to the operation, in accordance with medical instructions, on a regular basis and in accordance with the scale of the medication, and there must be no unauthorized increase in the quantity of the drug or its suspension. Sufficient sleep is guaranteed before the operation is performed and the operation is prepared in good mental state. Pre-operatives are also subject to the requirement of a fast, a water ban, a general eight-hour fast, a four-hour water ban before the operation, and the prevention of accidents such as suffocation caused by vomiting during the operation.
(iv) Pre-operative preparation
On the day of the operation, the patient should wear relaxed and comfortable clothes, which would facilitate their wearing. The items, such as glasses, jewellery, etc., are removed and placed in the safe custody of the family. Before the surgery, the eye drops on the eye, which is sufficient to facilitate the operation, allow the doctor to observe the eye structure more clearly. Before entering the operating room, the patient is required to defecate to reduce the discomfort.
II. Post-operative care
(i) Eye care
The eye condition is closely observed after the operation, with eye pains, eye swelling, sudden loss of vision, haemorrhage in the eye and increase in the number of secretions, and the doctor is informed of any anomalies. Keep your eyes clean and avoid hand rubbing or touching your eyes to prevent infection and the movement of artificial crystals. In accordance with medical instructions, eye drops are used on a regular basis, and hands are washed when ordered, so that the bottle does not touch the eye and does not contaminate eye drops. In the early stages of post-operative washing, care should be taken to avoid the eye, so that the other parts of the face can be slowly wiped with wet towels and then properly washed when the eye wound is fully healed.
(ii) Positions and activities
After the operation, it is generally necessary to rest flat, with a suitable upper head, to avoid eye pressure-added actions such as bowing, bending, coughing, defecation, etc., and to prevent coliform movements and eye bleeding. On the first day of the operation, under the supervision of a doctor, he/she can turn over to the bed and gradually increase his/her activity. As recovery gradually improves, it is possible to move slowly indoors, but collisions are avoided. In general, physical activity and heavy physical labour are avoided during the week following the surgery, and swimming and diving activities are avoided within one month, before normal activity resumes until the doctor has confirmed that it is fully recovered.
(iii) Dietary care
After-operative diets are light and digestive, and more vitamin- and protein-rich foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, skinny meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc., contribute to the healing of wounds and the restoration of vision. Avoid consumption of spicy irritating foods such as peppers, peppers, ginger, garlic, etc., in order to prevent eye bleeding. Reduce the consumption of greasy, sugary foods, such as fried foods, pastries, candy, etc., to prevent constipation and blood sugar fluctuations. At the same time, it is important to stop smoking and alcohol and to maintain good eating habits.
(iv) Complication observation and care
Close observation of the occurrence of complications, such as post-operative infections, can be seen in the form of haematoma, increased pain, fever, loss of vision, etc.; haemorrhage in the eye, sudden loss of vision, immediate black shadows, etc.; and loss of artificial crystals, leading to blurred vision, re-vision, etc. In the event of any such complications, the doctor should be immediately informed and treated in cooperation with the doctor, such as anti-infection treatment, blood-supplier treatment and re-surgery.
Care before and after cataract surgery is essential, and it is essential that patients and their families give high priority to actively cooperating with health-care providers and strictly complying with the care requirements in order to ensure that the operation is carried out smoothly, to reduce complications and to enable the patient to recover a clear vision and return to normal life.
