Poor hygiene practices
– Lack of hand cleaning: hand contact with a variety of objects, such as elevator buttons, public transport hand helpers, etc., which may be contaminated with a large number of pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. If hands are not washed in time, they touch the nose, mouth, eyes, etc., and can easily cause pathogens to enter the body to cause infection. For example, a virus can enter the mouth after exposure to food through contaminated hands, causing symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhoea.
– Poor oral hygiene: mouths are hotbeds for micro-organisms, and if they do not brush their teeth and wash their mouths on time, food residues ferment in their mouths, which breed bacteria and cause oral diseases such as tooth decay and diarrhea. Severe oral infections can also affect other parts of the body through blood circulation, such as bacterial endometriitis.
– Inadequate treatment of skin damage: life is prone to minor decomposition, such as bruises, cuts, etc. If the wounds are not cleaned and properly sterilized in a timely manner, pathogens such as bacteria (e.g., golden scabies) and tetanus fungi can enter the wounds, leading to local infections and even severe consequences such as sepsis.
Environmental health
– Family environment:
– Influencing: Influencing of indoor air can cause pathogens to accumulate in the air. For example, in a damp, closed environment, where fungus tend to breed, prolonged exposure can lead to respiratory infections, allergies, etc.
– Incomplete cleaning: if the corners, carpets, curtains, etc. are not cleaned for long periods, dust, mites, etc. will accumulate. The mites may cause diseases such as allergies and asthma; bacteria and viruses in dust may also be inhaled with human activity.
– Public environment:
– Poor hygiene in public places: densely populated and mobile places such as latrines, railway stations, bus stations, etc., can easily spread disease if clean-up is not timely. For example, influenza viruses may be transmitted in these areas by foam, which is inhaled by others and causes infection.
– Inadequate cleaning of common goods: equipment such as gymnasiums, towels and bed sheets in hotels, which, if not strictly clean and disinfected, may leave pathogens that increase the risk of infection when used.
Food hygiene
– Contamination of food products: Vegetables, fruit may be contaminated with pesticides, fertilizers and other harmful bacteria such as coli and salmonella. Meat can also become a source of infection if contaminated during processing, transport or storage. For example, the consumption of contaminated meat may be infected with parasites such as vermin.
– Inadequate food processing: uncooked foods, especially meat, seafood, etc., may contain various pathogenic microorganisms. Eating uncooked raw neptunium can be infected with the virus or by-sorbacterium, causing food poisoning. In addition, cross-contamination of prepared food during cooking is a risk.
Social contacts
– Close contact with infected persons: close contact with patients, such as face-to-face conversations, utensils, etc., during epidemics such as influenza, tuberculosis, etc., is highly contagious. For example, pneumatic foam from coughing, sneezing and sneezing in tuberculosis cases can be infected by inhalation of persons in close contact.
– Places of concentration: in high-population places such as malls, schools, cinemas, etc., the air is not in circulation and people are close to each other, increasing the risk of foam spreading and exposure to diseases. In schools, for example, one student is infected with foot-and-mouth disease, which can easily be transmitted to other classmates in the class.
