What are the special considerations of anaesthesia in heart surgery?

In heart surgery, anaesthesia is a vital link, and its special consideration is multifaceted. Cardiac surgery usually involves complex physical changes and potential risks, and therefore anaesthetists need to exercise special care to ensure the patient ‘ s safety and smooth operation. The following are some of the special considerations of anaesthesia in the heart surgery.

1. Patient assessment and preparation Before a heart operation, an anaesthetist is required to conduct a full assessment of the patient. These include: – Medical examination: assessment of the patient ‘ s CPR function, including heart rate, blood pressure, heart, breathing, etc. – Auxiliary examination: the patient ‘ s cardiac function and overall health condition is known by means of electrocardiograms, ultrasound motion maps, chest X-rays and blood tests.

The choice of narcotic drugs The choice of narcotic drugs for heart surgery has special requirements. Anaesthesia must have the least impact on the cardiovascular system, and the most common drugs of anaesthesia include: – Analgesics: e.g. fentanyl, schofentanyl, etc., can effectively relieve pain in surgery, while having a relatively small impact on the cardiovascular system. – Anaesthesia maintenance drugs: Inhalation of narcotic drugs (e.g. fluorine, isofluoroalkanes) and intravenous drugs are commonly used in the maintenance of anaesthesia. Anaesthetists are required to tailor the anaesthesia programme to the patient ‘ s specific circumstances and surgical requirements.

3. Continuing cardiovascular surveillance is essential during heart surgery. The monitoring includes: – Cardioelectric monitoring: real-time monitoring of heart rate, heart rate, and detection of the occurrence of heart disorder. – Blood pressure monitoring: the monitoring of arterial blood pressure through an arterial catheter to ensure that it is within reasonable limits. – Central vein monitoring: assessment of cardiac abundance and right heart function, especially for patients with heart failure. – Blood O2 saturation monitoring: ensure that the patient has good oxygen during surgery.

The effect of anaesthesia on the heart is a key factor in anaesthesia. The anesthesiologist needs to be aware of the following: Certain narcotic drugs may lead to a decrease in heart rate or in heart output, and anaesthetists are required to take appropriate measures, such as the use of drugs to maintain heart rate and blood pressure. – Myocardial ischaemic: During the operation, especially when cardiac arrest or re-infusion occurs, myocardial ischaemic may occur, and anesthetists are required to monitor changes in the EKG closely and to process them in a timely manner. – Liquid management: In the case of heart surgery, the management of liquids is essential, and anaesthetists are required to provide a reasonable flow of fluid, maintain blood capacity and cyclic stability, depending on the patient ‘ s condition.

5. Application of special techniques In heart surgery, special anaesthesia techniques are often required, such as: – cardiac anaesthesia: For certain complex cardiac operations, such as coronary artery by-pass, in vitro cycling may be required, at a time when anaesthesia doctors need to adjust their anaesthesia strategies to deal with the physical effects of in vitro cycling. – Local anesthesia and pain: In some heart operations, local anesthesia and regional anesthesia (e.g. chest blockage) can be used in conjunction with a general anesthesia in order to reduce the use of the whole body of anesthesia and the associated risks.

Post-operative management Anaesthetists need attention: – Recovery room monitoring: After the operation, patients need to be closely monitored in the recovery room to observe heart rate, blood pressure and state of consciousness. – Pain management: post-operative pain management is essential for the recovery of the patient, and an anesthesia doctors develop pain management programmes based on the patient ‘ s condition. – Prevention of complications: possible post-operative complications, such as cardiac disorders, heart failure, etc., need to be monitored and dealt with by an anesthesiologist.

Anaesthesia in heart surgery is a high-technology, high-risk medical work. Anaesthetists need to have a wealth of knowledge and experience to ensure the safety and comfort of patients during surgery through detailed patient assessments, reasonable drug selection, and rigorous monitoring and management. A reasonable anaesthesia programme not only reduces the risk of surgery but also promotes the rapid recovery of patients. As medical technology continues to improve, the anesthesia of heart surgery is also developing, providing patients with safer and more efficient treatment options.