What causes red cells to rise?

Red cell rise, medically referred to as Polycythemia, means that the number of red cells in blood exceeds normal range. This may lead to increased blood viscosity and increase the risk of leaching. The following are a number of reasons for the rise of red cells:Real erythrocyte amplificationPrimary (real) red cell amplification: this is a bone marrow disease, which produces too many red cells for unknown reasons and may be associated with genetic mutation.2. Secondary erythrocyte amplificationChronic oxygen deficiency: Long-term exposure to low-oxygen environments, such as living in high-altitude areas, leads to more red cells in the body to carry oxygen.Smoking: Chemical substances in tobacco reduce oxygen levels in blood and stimulate bone marrow to produce more red cells.Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): These diseases damage the lungs and reduce the efficiency of oxygen exchange, resulting in an increase in the number of red cells.Heart disease: A congenital heart disease, for example, can lead to lower oxygen levels in the blood and stimulate red cell formation.Sleep breathing is suspended: the interruption of breath during sleep leads to oxygen deficiency in the body and increases the number of red cells.3. Pathological stateRenal diseases: Renal diseases can lead to anomalous secretion of erythrocytes (EPO), a hormone that stimulates bone marrow to produce erythrocytes.Tumours: Certain tumours, in particular kidney and liver cell cancer, can produce erythrocytes.Endocrine anomalies: e.g. adrenal cortex decomposition may lead to an increase in erythrocytes.4. Drugs and supplementserythrocytes: Drugs used to treat anaemia, excessive use leading to elevated erythrocytes.Testosterone and other hormones: These hormones can stimulate bone marrow to produce red cells.Certain anti-eclampsia drugs, such as Kamasipine and sodium berentomether, may affect the formation of red cells.Smoke acids (Vitamin B3). Large supplements may contribute to red cell generation.5. Temporary increase in red cellsDehydration: Loss of moisture leads to blood concentration and a relative increase in the number of red cell counts.Strong motion: Long-term intense motion can increase red cell formation, especially among athletes.6. Genetic factorsFamily erythrocytes: Some families may have higher erythrocytes due to genetic factors.Genetic mutations: mutations, such as those of the EPO receptor, may result in the formation of red cells not subject to normal regulation.7. Other reasonsInfant period: During the months following the birth of the child, there may be higher erythrocyte count due to biological needs.Older persons: Reductions in blood volume with age may lead to a relative increase in the number of red cell counts.Diagnosis and treatmentDiagnosis: The diagnosis of erythrocyte amplification is usually carried out through blood tests, including total blood count (CBC) and haemoglobin level determination. Further examinations may include measurements of oxygen saturation in blood, bone marrow work tests, genetic tests, etc.Treatment: Treatment depends on the increase in the number of red cells. In the case of primary erythrocyte amplification, periodic bleeding may be required to reduce the number of red cells or to use drugs to inhibit bone marrow function. The treatment of erythrocyte amplification is focused on basic diseases such as smoking cessation, treatment of COPD or surgery to correct heart defects.ConclusionsRed cell rise may be caused by a number of factors, including chronic oxygen deficiency, disease state, drug use and genetic factors. Diagnosis of erythrocytes requires a full assessment and appropriate examination. Treatment needs to be context-specific in order to reduce the risk of complications such as haemobolism and cardiovascular disease. Patients should work closely with doctors and follow the treatment plan and regularly monitor red cell levels in order to maintain a healthy blood state. Through proper management, it is possible to effectively control red cell amplification and improve the quality of life of patients.