Anaesthesia and pain are essential parts of the medical field, especially in surgical, trauma and chronic pain management. This paper will present the basic concepts of anaesthesia, classification, mechanisms of functioning and their clinical application to help readers better understand knowledge in this area.
I. Basic concepts of anaesthesia
Anaesthesia: Anaesthesia is the process by which, by means of drugs or other means, the patient loses pain, consciousness or muscle tension in an operation or in a medical operation. Anesthesia can be divided into whole body anesthesia, regional anesthesia and local anesthesia.
2. Symptoms: Pain means the process of alleviating or eliminating it. It can be achieved in a variety of ways, such as medicine, physiotherapy or psychotherapy.
Classification of anaesthesia
1. All-body anesthesia: unconsciousness and pain, applicable to most major operations. The general anesthesia is usually performed by intravenous injection or inhalation of anesthesia.
2. Regional anaesthesia: anaesthesia is injected into a specific neurological region, disrupting the feeling in the region and applying to lower limb surgery, cervix, etc. Common regional anesthesia includes epidural and spinal anesthesia.
3. Partial anaesthesia: injection of anaesthesia directly into the surgery, suitable for minor surgery or dental treatment.
III. Classification of pain
1. Drug pain:
1 Inflammatory anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs): e.g. Broven, aspirin, applicable to mild to moderate pain, with inflammation.
2 Opioid drugs: e.g. morphine, fentanyl, applicable to moderate to severe pain, subject to careful use to avoid addiction.
3 Assistive drugs, such as antidepressants, epilepsy, etc., are often used for chronic pain management.
2. Non-pharmaceutical pain:
1 Physicotherapy: such as heat dressing, cold dressing, massage, motor therapy, etc., can relieve muscle and joint pain.
Psychotherapy: Cognitive behaviour therapy, relaxation training etc. can help patients manage pain-related anxiety and depression.
The mechanisms of anaesthesia and pain are different, but all involve complex physical and nervous systems:
Mechanisms for anaesthesia:
1 Anaesthesia is achieved by inhibiting the transmission of nerve signals by combining specific receptors in the central nervous system.
The whole body of anaesthesia usually acts in areas such as the cortex of the brain, the hypothalamus and the spinal cord, while the regional anaesthesia is used to block the transmission of specific nerves through local anesthesia.
2. The mechanism for pain relief:
1 Symptoms reduce pain through, inter alia, the conduct of pain suppression signals and the enhancement of endogenous pain control mechanisms, such as the release of endorphine.
Opioids have significantly enhanced their pain-receptor effect by combining them with opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord.
The use of anaesthesia in the clinical application is very extensive, including:
1. Surgical anesthesia: Anesthesia is required in all surgical operations to ensure the comfort and safety of patients during the operation. 2. Pain at birth: During childbirth, many mothers choose to use an epidural anesthesia or other pain relief methods.
3. Chronic pain management: In cases of chronic pain caused by cancer, arthritis, etc., doctors often use a combination of analgesic methods.
4. Acute pain management, such as trauma and post-operative pain, can significantly improve the quality of life of patients through timely and effective pain and relief measures.
The field of anaesthesia and pain is an integral part of medicine and involves surgery, pain management and the overall comfort of the patient. A basic knowledge of anaesthesia and pain helps patients to make more informed choices in the face of surgery or pain. If you or your family need medical assistance, you must consult with a professional.
