What is the reason for bone marrow inhibition after chemotherapy?

chemotherapy is a therapy often used to treat multiple cancers, and it kills rapidly divided cancer cells by using chemical drugs. However, chemotherapy is not selective and while killing cancer cells, it can also damage normal rapidly divided cells, especially blood stem cells in bone marrow. This damage to the bone marrow is referred to as bone marrow inhibition, which is explained below and in detail.1. Mechanisms for the functioning of chemotherapyThe mechanisms for the functioning of chemotherapy drugs are diverse, but they mostly affect cells by:Interruption of DNA reproduction: The chemotherapy drug can be inserted into the DNA chain or combined with DNA, preventing DNA replication and causing cell death.Impairment of cellular membranes: Some chemotherapy can damage membranes and affect the functioning and survival of cells.Impact on the cell cycle: chemotherapy can block specific stages of the cell cycle and stem cell fragmentation.Because the blood stem cells in the bone marrow are very active, they are vulnerable to chemotherapy.2. Causes of bone marrow inhibitiona. Damage to blood stem cellsBlood stem cells are the cells in the bone marrow that produce all blood cells. The chemotherapy drugs can directly damage these stem cells, resulting in them not being able to normally split and become mature blood cells.b. Changes in micro-environmentThere is a micro-environment in the bone marrow that supports the survival and functioning of stem blood cells. Chemotherapy can damage the micro-environment, affect the structure and functioning of stem cell nests (niche) and, in turn, affect blood production.c. Increased cell decayThe chemotherapy drug induces the procedural cell death (crazy) of blood stem cells and early ancestor cells and reduces their number.d. Cell cycle stagnationChemotherapy can stagnate stem blood cells at certain stages of the cytology cycle, hindering cell division and thus reducing the production of blood cells.3. Performance of bone marrow inhibitionOsteo marrow inhibition is usually manifested in the following:Reduction of neutral particle cells (Neutropenia): The reduction of neutral particle cells is an important component of the immune system and increases the risk of infection.Declining slabs (Thrombocytopenia): Declining slabs leads to increased hemorrhage, as the slabs play a key role in blood condensation.Anaemia (Anemia): A reduction in erythrocyte leads to reduced transport capacity of oxygen, causing signs of fatigue, dizziness, etc.Risk factors for bone marrow inhibitiondosages and types of chemotherapy drugs: The different levels of inhibition of bone marrows vary, the higher the dose, the greater the risk of bone marrow inhibition.Age and general status of patients: Bone marrow inhibition is more likely to occur in older or generally less well-off patients.Pre-existing bone marrow diseases: Diseases such as osteoporitis and bone marrow fibrosis may increase the risk of bone marrow inhibition.Genetic factors: Individual genetic differences may affect sensitivity to chemotherapy.Management of bone marrow inhibitionTo manage bone marrow inhibition, doctors may take the following measures:Adjusting the dosage of chemotherapy: Adjusting the dosage of chemotherapy drugs to the patient ‘ s response.The use of growth factors: e.g., particle-cell concentration irritation factors (G-CSF) and erythrocytogens (EPOs) can facilitate the production of blood cells.Blood transfusion and supportive treatment: For severe anaemia or reduction of platelets, blood transfusions or plate transfers may be required.Preventive antibiotics use: For patients with a reduction in the number of neutral particles, the preventive use of antibiotics may be required to prevent infection.Concluding remarksOstemosis is a common and important side effect of chemotherapy, which not only affects the quality of life of patients but also increases the risk of treating related complications. Close monitoring and proper management of chemotherapy patients is therefore essential. With the development of medicine, new treatment strategies and drugs are being developed to reduce the incidence and severity of bone marrow inhibition, thereby improving the quality of life and treatment of cancer patients.