1. Supplement nutrition
in time Diet before
chemotherapy: pay attention to comprehensive and balanced nutrition, can not be partial to food and picky eaters, diet should be varied, every day to eat rice and flour, vegetables and fruits, meat, eggs, milk, bean products, and a small amount of fat food, the middle of the meal is mainly fruit
. Diet in
chemotherapy: The reaction is more serious, mainly to replenish water, eat some low-fat, high-carbohydrate and a small amount of high-quality protein foods, such as cereals, vegetables, fruits, and some chicken and fish.
Diet after
chemotherapy: develop a healthy diet pattern: plenty of vegetables and moderate fruits, increase whole grains and legumes, limit red meat and processed meat, eat less sweets and sugary drinks. Convalescent tonic: long-term slow tonic, individualized tonic. Food is better than medicine. Nutritional monitoring: If the weight is monitored every week, the food intake is less than 2/3 of the usual, the duration is more than a week, or the involuntary weight loss is more than 1-2kg in a week, it is recommended to find a doctor in charge or a nutritionist for nutritional assessment as soon as possible.
Precautions
for
eating habits
① When cooking, we should try our best to make the food soft and rotten, and pay attention to chewing slowly when eating, so as to reduce the burden of intestines and stomach;
② Avoid eating too cold and too hot, and avoid aggravating stimulation;
③ Pay attention to adjusting the time of eating, try to ensure that there is an interval of two or three hours with chemotherapy, and avoid eating one hour before and after chemotherapy. As well as one hour after meals to avoid lying flat, can be half lying, sitting, standing, walking, etc.
④ If the patient has symptoms of nausea and vomiting, the intake of milk and rice porridge can be reduced appropriately, because the large amount of protein and calcium contained in milk can stimulate gastric acid secretion and aggravate stomach discomfort. Rice porridge has more water, which will increase the pressure in the stomach and aggravate vomiting.
⑤ If the patient is accompanied by abdominal distension, it is advisable to eat less and more meals. In terms of food materials, it is recommended to choose foods or drinks with high protein, low fat and high nutritional density, such as lean meat, eggs, milk, etc., to ensure adequate nutrition
.
2. Massage properly to relieve pain and massage
acupoints
Put three fingers under the horizontal crease of the wrist, two inches above the horizontal crease of the wrist, between the two tendons, press Neiguan point vigorously, or ask your family to press Hegu point (between the thumb and the index finger) with your thumb. When pressing, the strength should be moderate, and the feeling of soreness, numbness, swelling and pain is just right. Massage three times a day, four to five minutes each time, can effectively help relieve discomfort.
psychological counseling and companionship
Understand the condition and chemotherapy regimen: Patients should fully understand their condition, the necessity of chemotherapy and possible side effects, which can help alleviate the fear and anxiety of ignorance.
Psychological preparation and emotional regulation: You can learn more about chemotherapy by communicating with doctors, nurses or patients, and build up confidence and will to fight against cancer.
Treatment
of side effects of
chemotherapy
Family members should understand the side effects of chemotherapy and know how to deal with them. For example, when using platinum drugs, we should pay attention to drinking more water to help drug metabolism and reduce the damage to the kidney. When using oxaliplatin, we should pay attention not to touch cold things and cold air. When using irinotecan, we should pay attention to whether there is diarrhea and who has prepared antifouling drugs.
5 Treatment
of the infusion site
Chemotherapy drugs are injected into the patient’s body through static injection, which will stimulate the patient’s blood vessels, resulting in swelling and pain at the infusion site. Family members can apply hot compress to the red and swollen parts to relieve the pain of patients. If you take the PICC tube home, maintain the tube on time, do not do heavy work, lift heavy objects, do chest expansion exercises, swimming, etc., choose to take a shower when taking a bath, take a bath according to the method of soil protection guidance, and return to the hospital in time if there is any discomfort on the side of the tube.
