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White cells are an important part of the human immune system and are responsible for identifying and resisting pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and other alien substances. Low white cell values, medically referred to as leukopenia, may be caused by a number of causes. The factors that may be involved in the reduction of white cells and their detailed analysis are as follows:Infectious diseasesVirus infection: Many viral diseases, such as influenza, hepatitis, HIV, EB virus (single nucleotosis), new coronary virus infection, can lead to a reduction in white cells.Bacteria infections: Some serious bacterial infections, such as typhoid, tuberculosis, brucellosis, etc., may also cause a decrease in white cells.Other infections: fungal infections, parasitic infections, etc. may also lead to reduction of white cells.The bone marrow problemBone marrow inhibition: Certain drugs, chemicals (e.g. benzene), radiation, etc. can inhibit bone marrow and reduce white cell formation.Osteo-marrow impregnation: Malignant neoplasms such as leukemia, lymphoma and osteo-minomas may impregnate bone marrow and affect normal blood production.Bone marrow failure: Diseases such as regenerative obstructive anaemia have resulted in the failure of the bone marrow to properly produce blood cells.3. Immunological diseasesSelf-immuno-immunological diseases such as systematic erythalamus (SLE), rheumatism arthritis, etc. The immune system wrongly attacks its own tissue, which may lead to a reduction in white cells.Immunomediate bone marrow inhibition: In some cases, the immune system is abnormally activated, attacking its own stem blood cells.4. MalnutritionVitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency: These nutrients are essential for DNA synthesis and can lead to a reduction in white cell production when they are lacking.Protein-energy malnutrition: Severe malnutrition affects the capacity of bone marrow to produce white cells.5. Drug responseAnti-inflammatory drugs: Inflammatory anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs), some anti-inflammatory drugs, such as salaried pasta, may lead to a reduction in white cells.Anti-condensed drugs: e.g., heparin.Anti-eclampsia drugs: e.g. sodium phenyltropine.Anti-cancer drugs: Many chemotherapy drugs can reduce white cells.Chronic diseasesChronic kidney disease: Incomplete kidney function may lead to reduction in white cells.Hepatic cirrhosis: Hepatic diseases may affect white cell formation.7. Other reasonsSpleen surgeling: Spleen overactive, destroying white cells.Strong motion: Strong motion may lead to a short reduction in white cells.Emotional stress: Severe emotional or psychological stress may also affect white cell count.Detailed analysisInfectious diseasesInfection is a common cause of white cell decline. Virus infections are particularly common because viruses can directly destroy white cells or affect bone marrow functions. Bacteria infections usually cause white cell rises, but in some cases, such as typhoid, white cells may decrease.The bone marrow problem.The bone marrow is a place where white cells are created, and any disease that affects the functioning of the bone marrow can lead to a decrease in white cells. Bone marrow inhibition may be a direct consequence of exposure to drugs or chemicals. Osteroid impregnation and failure involve more complex pathologies.Immunological diseasesSelf-immunological diseases may lead to attacks on white cells by the immune system, while immunomediate bone marrow suppression is an attack on blood stem cells in the bone marrow by the immune system.Nutritional deficienciesNutritional deficiencies affect cell fragmentation and maturity, in particular vitamin B12 and folic acid, which are critical for rapidly divided cells, such as white cells.Drug responseCertain drugs may lead to a reduction in white cells, which is a side effect of the drug. Drug-induced white cell reductions are generally reversible after a stoppage.Chronic diseasesChronic diseases can lead to an overall decline in physical functioning, including blood-making. Diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver and chronic kidney disease may influence white cell count through a variety of mechanisms.Other reasonsFactors such as spleen hyperactivity, intense mobility and emotional stress may lead to a decrease in white cells, but these are usually temporary.ConclusionsWhite cell reduction may be caused by a number of factors, the underlying causes being complex and varied. If, at the time of the medical examination, a low white cell value was found, further examinations should be conducted to determine the specific reasons. As a rule, doctors make comprehensive judgements based on patient ‘ s history, symptoms, medical examinations and laboratory results. The examinations that may be required include blood smears, bone marrow piercing, screening for viruses and bacterial infections, nutritional status assessments, detailed medical history inquiries, etc.The treatment of white cell reduction depends on its causes. In the case of infection, there is a need for anti-infection treatment; in the case of drugs, there may be a need to discontinue the use of the drugs; and in the case of nutritional deficiencies, the corresponding nutrients need to be supplemented. In all cases, medical guidance and monitoring is required. Therefore, when white cells are found to be decreasing, they should be treated in a timely manner and on the advice of a doctor.