A sepsis shock is a life-threatening state of serious infection, usually occurring when the internal immune system is overreacting to infection. This over-reaction can cause a full-body inflammation response, leading to shock and fatal risks. A sepsis is a sepsis-based disease that is accompanied by severe circulatory disorders and cell metabolic abnormalities, which prevents tissues from receiving sufficient blood injections, leading to impairment and even failure of organs. Its main clinical manifestations are persistent low blood pressure, poor response to liquid rehydration treatment and the need to rely on vascularly active drugs to maintain blood pressure stability.
I. Mechanisms for the onset of sepsis
(1) Over-reaction of inflammation: factors such as infection can lead to an uncontrolled response to inflammation, leading to the release of a large number of inflammatory media, such as a convergence factor, a cytological factor, and thus to a general inflammation reaction syndrome.
(2) Condensation function abnormality: Inflammation response activates the condensation mechanism, while weakening the anticondensation and decomposition, resulting in micro-circle abnormality.
(3) Cardiovascular function impairment: The cardiovascular system may suffer from myocardial functional inhibition, arrhythmic condensation, etc., which affects the blood function of the heart pump and normal vascular tension, further exacerbating the under-infusion of tissue blood.
II. Causes of sepsis
(1) Pathogen infections: The main cause of septic shock is the infection of micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, with common infections in the lungs, abdominal cavity and the urinary system.
(2) Non-infective causes, such as severe trauma, burns, large surgeries and non-infective factors such as acute pancreas, may also cause sepsis.
III. Clinical symptoms of sepsis
(1) A significant decrease in blood pressure: a decrease in pressure to less than 90 mmHg or a decrease in value above 40 mmHg compared to base values.
(2) Lack of expression of tissue injections: including symptoms of under-injection, such as reduced urine, changes in the state of consciousness, bouquets in the skin and reduced temperature at the end of the limb.
(3) Functional abnormalities in several organs: A sepsis shock may affect multiple organ systems such as the heart, lungs, kidneys and liver, resulting in abnormality.
Diagnosis of sepsis
The diagnosis of sepsis is based on clinical symptoms of the patient and laboratory results. The type of pathogen that causes infection can be determined through blood and urine culture. At the same time, the monitoring of haemolic acid concentrations and the assessment of inflammatory media levels are also key methods for supporting diagnosis.
V. Early identification of septic shock
(1) Temperature anomalies: Increased body temperature or lower than normal range may indicate early symptoms of sepsis.
(2) Cardiac rate: Cardiac rate is often a natural response of the body to infection.
(3) Respiration frequency increases: The increase in respiratory frequency may be due to the body ‘ s desire to combat infection by increasing oxygen supply.
(4) Change in consciousness: may be manifested in confusion, difficulty in focusing or a decrease in awareness.
(5) Changes in skin state: There may be rashes, purple plasters or colour anomalies in the skin.
(6) Decrease in urine: It may be evidence that kidney function is affected.
(7) Pulse acceleration: Pulse may be weak and fast.
(8) Physical pain or discomfort: Pain or discomfort may be felt in a particular area of the body.
(9) Symptoms of the digestive system: Disgusting, vomiting or diarrhoea can also be an early manifestation of septic shock.
(10) Cold or wet skin: probably due to poor blood circulation.
Treatment of septic shock
The treatment of septic shock needs to be carried out as soon as possible in order to quickly control the source of infection. Patients usually use antibiotics for treatment to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. If the blood pressure of the patient is low, the fluid may need to be replenished to maintain the capacity and stabilize the blood pressure. Severely ill patients may require full support from the intensive care unit, such as mechanical ventilation and blood purification.
VII. Prevention of septic shock
Prevention of septic shock focuses on preventing infection. Maintaining healthy hygiene practices, timely treatment of respiratory infections and infections of the urinary system, and avoiding excessive use of antibiotics can effectively reduce the risk of infection. For groups already suffering from basic diseases, regular medical examinations are an important measure to prevent sepsis.
Summary:
Septic shock is an urgent and serious disease, and timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment are essential. We should increase hygiene awareness and be highly vigilant about the risk of infection. Health workers need to continuously raise awareness of sepsis shocks and diagnostic skills to improve the chances of survival. With scientific prevention strategies and treatment programmes, we can more effectively overcome the challenges to human health.
