Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours in women and poses a serious threat to their health and lives. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are key to improving breast cancer treatment and survival. Breast cancer screening is an important means of achieving early detection. So which population groups need breast cancer screening?
I. General populations at risk
(i) Age factor
1. 20 – 39 years
• It is generally recommended that women of this age group undergo a breast self-examination every month in order to familiarize themselves with the normal form and touch of their breasts. Although the incidence of breast cancer among women in this age group is relatively low, self-censorship helps to detect unusual breast changes in a timely manner.
• Further medical examinations should be carried out in a timely manner in the event of the detection of abnormal conditions such as bulges, breast spills, mammograms or changes in orange skin.
2. 40 – 49 years
• It is recommended that mammogram X-rays (mixed) and clinical breast examinations be conducted every 1-2 years.
A combination of molybdenum target tests, which help to detect early breast cancer disorders, and clinical mammograms, which are examined by professional doctors through, inter alia, contact, can improve the accuracy of screening.
3. 50 and over
• An annual mammography X-ray and clinical breast screening.
As age increases, the risk of breast cancer increases and regular screening becomes more important. Screening may be of greater benefit to some women who are in better health and have longer life expectancy.
(ii) Other cases
• In addition to the age factor, the general risk population should be concerned with breast health and regularly examined if:
• Women who take long-term estrogen-type drugs, such as certain contraceptives or hormone substitution treatments, may increase the risk of breast cancer and require regular breast screening.
• Breast screening should be strengthened, as appropriate, for women with early masturbation age of 12 or advanced menstruation age of 55, who have been affected by estrogen for relatively long periods of time and are also at increased risk of breast cancer.
Women who have not given birth or who have given birth for the first time are older than 30 years of age and who breastfeed for less than four months are also at general risk of breast cancer and can be screened regularly according to their circumstances.
High-risk populations
(i) Family genetic factors
1. Persons with a clear genetic tendency to breast cancer, such as the BRCA1/2 gene mutation in the family or close relatives (mother, sister, daughter, etc.) with breast cancer or ovarian cancer. The risk of breast cancer is significantly higher for these groups than for the general population, and screening may need to begin at a younger age and be more frequent.
2. For women carrying the BRCA1/2 gene mutation, it is generally recommended that mammograms (MRI) be examined annually, as well as mammography X-rays and clinical breast examinations, starting at the age of 25-30. MRI has a high sensitivity to the detection of breast cancer associated with BRCA and can detect it earlier.
(ii) Past medical history
1. There is a significant increase in the risk of breast cancer among persons with a history of breast catheters or small leaves that are not typical for in situ cancer. Such groups should pay close attention to breast health and conduct more frequent screenings, as recommended by doctors, which may include semi-annual clinical breast examinations, annual mammography X-rays or breast ultrasound examinations.
2. Patients who have been treated for breast release may cause damage to breast tissue, increasing the risk of breast cancer. Such groups also require regular breast screening, the modalities and frequency of which should be developed by a doctor, depending on the circumstances.
(iii) Other high-risk factors
1. At the beginning of menstruation age, which is 12 years old and 55 years old, women of these two age groups are at high risk of breast cancer for longer periods of estrogen irritation.
2. Patients with a history of mammography or a history of surgery for a benign disease in the breast, whose pathology confirms that the breast (leaf or catheter) is not typical of an increasing history of disease, are at an increased risk of breast cancer and need to be screened.
The hormonal substitution for treatment of six months of thorium for women using the hormonal combination of gestational hormones may affect breast tissue, increase the risk of cancer and should be subject to regular breast screening.
4. Post-45 mammography X-rays suggest that women of the physical (or breast density) type of mammograms are of an uneven or incisive nature, whose mammograms are denser and may affect the accuracy of molybdenum target examinations and need to be screened in conjunction with other screening methods, such as breast ultrasound or MRI.
Any of the following are also at high risk: no history or time of breastfeeding < 4 months; no history of live births (including never having a child, abortion, stillbirth) or the age of first live births < 30 years; only hormonal substitution for treatment with “estrogen” for 6 months; and two abortions (including spontaneous and induced abortions). These factors, which may act individually or jointly, increase the risk of breast cancer and require regular screening.
In general, it is essential to know whether or not they are among the focus groups for breast cancer screening. Depending on their risk factors, different populations should choose the appropriate screening method and frequency. At the same time, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as a reasonable diet, a proper level of exercise and absconding alcohol, also helps to reduce the risk of breast cancer. If any anomalies are detected during the screening process, further diagnosis and treatment should be done in a timely manner in order to control the situation as early as possible and to improve the cure rate and quality of life. Remember that attention to breast health is an important expression of every woman ‘ s responsibility for her own body.
