Winter asthma control: key strategy for safeguarding breathing

Winter asthma control: Key strategy one, introduction, winter is a challenging season for asthma patients, with cold air, dry environments, frequent respiratory infections, among others, all likely to induce asthma, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients and even endangering life. Understanding winter asthma prevention strategies is essential for the safe passage of asthma patients through winter. II. Reasons for winter asthma attacks are (i) cold air irritation due to changes in temperature and humidity: low winter temperatures, and when asthma patients inhale cold air, there is a strong irritation of the air lanes, causing a contraction of smooth muscles, mucous membrane oedema, resulting in narrow airways, leading to asthma. Just as the skin shrinks in cold environments, the airways react similarly to cold. Reduced humidity: In the winter, indoor and outdoor air is usually dry, and low humidity reduces the moisture of the mucous membrane of the gas route, renders it fragile, limits the function of the fibrous movement, and reduces the defensive capacity of the gas route. This makes it easier for allergies, such as dust and pollen, to accumulate in the airways, stimulate the airways and cause asthma symptoms. (ii) Respiratory infections increase viral infections: Winter is a high-prevalence season for respiratory virus infections, such as influenza virus, nose virus, respiratory syndrome virus, etc. These viruses can cause damage to gas-path mucous membranes, increasing the sensitivity of the gas-path, and also affecting the immune function of the organism, making it easier to induce asthma. For example, after influenza virus infection, asthma patients tend to suffer from increased conditions and frequency of onset. b. Bacteria infections: Some of the patients are likely to follow bacterial infections after the infection, further exacerbating aromatic inflammation and leading to a deterioration of asthma symptoms. Common bacteria, such as pneumococcus, scrotumella, etc., reproduce in the respiratory tract, release toxins and stimulate inflammation reactions in the gas route. (iii) Increased indoor allergies: people spend most of their winter hours indoors, while indoor allergies, such as dust mites, fungus, etc., tend to flourish. The use of heating increases indoor temperatures and provides a suitable living environment for dust mites. At the same time, reduced indoor ventilation during the winter and changes in humidity may lead to the breeding of fungus on surfaces such as walls, furniture, which can stimulate airways and induce asthma in the long term. Outdoor allergies: Although there are relatively few trees in winter, some areas may have special allergies in winter, such as cedar flour in some areas, and may also have an impact on asthma patients. III. Symptoms of winter asthma (i) typical symptoms of asthma breathing: this is one of the most important symptoms of asthma. Patients can feel the difficulty of exhale, with the sound of a whistling, like a whistle. Breathing can be of varying severity, causing respiratory difficulties in serious cases, and patients need to be forced to take a position at the end or a seat at the front to help them breathe. Coughs: Coughs are mostly irritating dry coughs, accompanied by a small amount of white slime. Coughing is usually aggravated at night or in the morning, and severe coughing affects the sleep quality of patients. Some cases may be characterized by cough, known as cough mutated asthma. (b) Stimulant: Patients feel anxious to breathe and their activity is declining. In the case of mild onset, there may be only post-activity agitation; in the case of severe onset, even in a resting state, there may be obvious respiratory difficulties. (ii) Symptoms of cysts: Patients often feel pressured and suffocated, as if heavy objects were placed on their chests. This ecstasy may increase as asthma attacks increase, and is associated with narrow airways and aerobic disorders. Respiratory difficulties: Severe asthma can cause respiratory difficulties and patients may suffer from a lack of oxygen such as blue lips and pale skin. If respiratory difficulties are not alleviated in a timely manner, they may endanger life and require urgent medical attention. IV. The winter asthma prevention strategy (i) takes care to keep the warmer respiratory tract warm: persons with asthma should wear a mask when going out, preferably covering their nose and nose and neck scarf, so that the inhaled air can be warmed and wet to reduce the cold air ‘ s direct irritation to the air lane. The mask should be of good aerobic and soft material, avoiding an additional burden on the respiratory tract. All-body warmth: Increased and reduced clothing in a timely manner in accordance with weather events, keeping warm. Especially in the neck, chest, and so on. In cold weather, minimize skin exposure to air and reduce the risk of cold irritation causing asthma. (ii) Maintenance of suitable temperature and humidity of indoor air: keeping indoor temperature in a relatively comfortable range is generally recommended at 18 – 22 °C. At the same time, care should be taken to regulate indoor humidity, which can be maintained at 40 – 60 per cent with a humidifier. Appropriate temperatures and humidity help to maintain the moisture of gas-coated mucous membranes and reduce the breeding of allergies and the irritation of airways. Air purification and ventilation: The use of air purification is effective in filtration of dust, pollen, fumes, and pollutants in the air. At the same time, there is regular ventilation through windows, with at least 2 – 3 ventilations per day for about 30 minutes each to keep indoor air fresh. However, when venting, care should be taken to avoid cold air blowing directly into the room, with the option of venting at relatively high temperatures such as noon. (iii) Avoiding allergies from reducing dust mites: regular cleaning of fabrics such as bedding, curtains, etc., and use of hot water (water temperature above 55°C) can effectively kill dust mites. At the same time, the use of mites mattresses, pillows, etc. reduces exposure to dust mites. Maintaining indoor cleaning and reducing dust accumulation will also help to control dust mites. Prevention of fungus growth: Maintaining indoor drying, especially in humid areas such as bathrooms, kitchens and so forth, with dehumidifiers. Clean up walls, water stains on furniture surfaces in a timely manner, regular inspections and clean-up of air-conditioning filters, etc. to prevent fungus. If fungus is found, measures should be taken to remove them in a timely manner, such as the use of carbides. Avoid exposure to other allergies: learn about their own allergies and avoid as much as possible exposure to pets if they are allergic to animal hair; for pollen allergic patients, minimize departures during periods of high pollen concentrations (e.g., when special pollen is present in certain areas during winter) or wear protective masks. (iv) Vaccination against respiratory infections: persons with asthma are best vaccinated against influenza and pneumonia before the onset of winter. Influenza vaccine can effectively prevent influenza virus infections, and pneumonia vaccine can reduce the risk of pneumonia. These vaccines reduce the likelihood of asthma due to respiratory infections. (b) Personal hygiene and protection: develop the habit of hand-washing, avoid touching nose and mouth and reduce the transmission of viruses and bacteria. Mask can be worn in heavily populated locations, especially during high influenza. Close contact with persons with respiratory infections is avoided as much as possible. (v) Moderate exercise choice: moderate exercise helps to improve body quality and CPR function, but asthma patients choose the appropriate mode. These are sports that are more suitable for asthma patients. Swimming is particularly beneficial because of the high humidity of the air in the pool and the wetness of the air when swimming, which is less irritant to the air. Attention to sports environments and time: Avoid movement in cold, dry or high air pollution environments. Exercise time may be chosen for warm periods, such as noon or afternoon. Before the exercise, patients can use preventive drugs, such as bronchial extension, to reduce the risk of motor-induced asthma. In the event of asthma symptoms in the course of the exercise, the exercise should cease immediately and appropriate mitigation measures should be taken. v. Treatment during a winter asthma attack (i) use of a bronchial expansion agent for first aid: salbutamol aerosols are one of the most common first aid drugs. When an asthma attack occurs, the patient can use the mist correctly in accordance with the instructions, which typically relieves bronchial convulsions quickly, as well as breathing difficulties, for each inhalation of 1-2. If symptoms are not alleviated, they can be used again after a certain interval of time, but care is taken not to overuse them to avoid adverse reactions. Sugar cortex hormones: Sugar cortex hormones may be needed for more severe asthma attacks. A combination of formulations, such as the Bodined Fortero powder inhalants, containing sugar cortex hormones and long-acting bronchial extension agents, can be used at the onset to mitigate respiratory inflammation and convulsions. The use of sugar-coated hormones in oral or veins may also be necessary if the outbreak is very serious, but it needs to be done under the guidance of a doctor. (ii) Stay calm and correct in position: When an asthma attack occurs, the patient is prone to stress and anxiety, which can exacerbate asthma symptoms. Patients need to be as calm as possible, and stress can be eased through deep breaths. The family should also be accompanied by consolation and encouragement. Repositioning: The patient can take a half-bed or a side seat and lean forward, which helps to relax the breathing muscle and reduces the feeling of breathing difficulty. At the same time, clothes such as collars should be removed from the neck and their breathing should be smooth. (iii) To call the emergency telephone immediately for treatment at a hospital if the symptoms of an asthma attack following treatment with a first aid drug are not abated or if the symptoms are severe, such as severe respiratory difficulties, bloated lips and unconsciousness. In hospitals, doctors conduct further examinations and treatments based on the patient ‘ s condition, such as aerobics, the use of higher-level bronchial expansionants and sugary cortex hormones, mechanical ventilation, etc. In short, the prevention and treatment of asthma in the winter requires a high degree of attention from the patients and their families, starting with all aspects of life, and taking effective preventive measures that can be properly responded to at the time of its onset, in order to reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, guarantee the patient ‘ s breathing well and improve the quality of life.